Can Pay Fair Share Fees Cost You Your Job - 767 Words

Can refusing to pay fair share fees cost you your job? A recent United States Supreme Court decision says that it can. We are all familiar with the narrative of corporation versus labor union, but this Supreme Court case sheds a light on a less well-known opponent of unions: non-union employees. On Tuesday, March 29, the Supreme Court reached a 4-4 vote in Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association, a major labor case on union funding. This tie vote upholds the legality of fair share fees and allows unions to maintain the system they use to collect funds that support collective bargaining and obtaining benefits for workers. Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association raises several interesting questions for both employers and employees. As an employee, should you have the right not to pay fair share fees even if you benefit from the union’s collective bargaining negotiations? As an employer, what is your responsibility to both your union and non-union employees? Can workers obtain union benefits without fees? As you may know, collective bargaining is the negotiation between union leaders and the company’s management that sets out the terms of employment such as working conditions, base pay, overtime, work hours, and benefits. By law, collective bargaining benefits all workers whether they are in the union or not and non-members receive the same wages and benefits that are enjoyed by union members. Under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), workers are afforded theShow MoreRelatedDoc, Docx, Pdf, Wps, Rtf, Odt1501 Words   |  7 Pagesis a fast way to get a decision when you are in a dispute. Arbitration is more flexible and less formal than court. Usually, an arbitration can be scheduled faster than a trial. Sometimes, if the parties want, arbitrators can decide things that judges are not allowed to decide. Arbitration is like a trial but less formal. In arbitration, two sides present their evidence to an arbitrator. The arbitrator decides who wins and who loses. An arbitrator does the job that a judge or jury would normallyRead MoreStudent Athletes : Is A Scholarship Enough?1638 Words   |  7 PagesStudent-Athletes: Is a Scholarship Enough? Have you noticed that when you turn on your television during the fall on Saturday afternoon that there is a college football game on about 15 different channels? The popularity of college sports, especially football and basketball, have skyrocketed. During the last decade, college athletics have seen a tremendous increase in revenues from licensing and television revenue. For example, in 2014 CBS paid 800 million dollars for the rights to broadcastRead MoreKey Goals Of The Economy906 Words   |  4 Pagesrecession, and discussing opportunity costs. Three main goals of today’s economy are stable prices, full employment, and economic growth. Stable prices occur when average prices repeat over time and rise at a very low and predictable rate this is called inflation. If inflation is kept low, prices will stay the same. If a hurricane in Mississippi destroyed cotton this would cause the lead to higher prices. When you have higher prices for certain goods this can make inflationary prices in the economyRead MoreRole Of The Supplier For Hi Tech Batteries1689 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessional life, we are not usually negotiating with numbers and prices but with issues relating to the individual health. Kevin and I discussed our preferences for each of the options associated with each of the eight issues (Quality, Development fees, Contract term, Electronic integration, Inventory, Volume flexibility, Price, and Lot size) that needed to be resolved, and we were able to reach an agreement for the Final Contract for our firms. Ou r Joint gain score was 26400 (out of a maximum possibleRead MoreThe Cost of Childcare Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the pre-k program. The cost of childcare has risen dramatically over the past year, and no one really knows whom to blame for it. The government offers families subsidies for childcare, but that is only if your income is low. But, what about the hard working, middle class families, that are still struggling to pay the high cost of childcare without government assistant? How will they provide childcare for their kids? Paying a babysitter to watch your children while you are at work may seem likeRead MoreEffective Operation Of Human Resource Management Function1593 Words   |  7 PagesQUESTION: Select two topics from the list below and critically discuss how they contribute to the effective operation of the Human Resource Management function. Your discussion must include theoretical issues and organisational examples. (100 marks) Introduction In this task, I will be discussing how recruitment and rewards contribute to the effective operation of HRM function. The purpose of HRM function is to get the utmost out of a business by improving the efficacy of its employees. A businessRead MoreEnvironmental Factors Affecting Southwest Airlines1442 Words   |  6 Pagestarget market. Southwest, known for being a leader in low cost airline, provides flights at a higher frequency and capacity to attain profit. However, the company experienced increasing overhead through the lapse of long-standing fuel contracts, which previously helped provide a competitive advantage. This factor is also amplified by the growth the company experienced with success. Southwest is the fourth largest airline and has seen fuel cost skyrocket from 29 percent to 35 percent over a seven-yearRead MoreFinancial Uncertainty Of The Us National Debt1864 Words   |  8 Pages78% of the gross domestic product by the year 2024 (Trumbull). Social Security pay out s have neared a level that will soon be unsustainable without a significant increase in taxes. Corporate taxes are now close to 40%, and considered to be one of the highest tax rates in the world (Stone). Former U.S. representative John E. Linder stated that the corporate tax rate has forced many of our good paying manufacturing jobs to be relocated outside the country in order to stay competitive. Making it difficultRead MoreOne Glaring Issue In Healthcare Is The Substantial Increase1741 Words   |  7 Pagesover the past 25 years. The United States encountered a 5.3 increase in spending alone last year equating to over $3 trillion overall (Roberts, 2015). â€Å"Price transparency might have the single biggest effect in informing the public about health care costs and could support a more efficient health care delivery system in the United States.† There is a large number of people becoming increasingly more curious about the price of their healthcare and fully understand that more expensive care does not necessarilyRead MoreCorporate Finance Ch 1 Solutions3275 Words   |  14 Pagesterm, however, the firm might not be able to serve its customers properly or it might alienate its remaining workers; if so, future profits will decrease, and the stock price will decrease in anticipation of these problems. Similarly, a firm can boost profits over the short term by using less costly materials even if this reduces the quality of the product. Once customers catch on, sales will decrease and profits will fall in the future. The stock price will fall. The moral of these

The National Response Plan Essay - 1050 Words

The National Response Plan The National Response Framework is a guide designed to assist local, State, and Federal governments in developing functional capabilities and identifying resources based on hazard identification and risk assessment. It outlines the operating structure and identifies key roles and responsibilities. It established a framework to identify capabilities based on resources and the current situation no matter the size or scale. It integrates organizational structures and standardizes how the Nation at all levels plans to react to incidents. The suspected terrorist attack will have health, economic, social, environment and political long-term effects for my community. This is why it is essential that local government’s†¦show more content†¦This information will be used to establish priorities and develop an incident action plan. Resources and capabilities are employed based on the size, scope, nature and complexity of the incident. Should the disaster exceed the local govern ments, they would request assistance through mutual aid and assistance agreements, the State, or the Federal Government. Mutual aid agreements establish the roles and responsibilities of both parties, the procedures for requesting assistance and communication protocols. As the Disaster Coordinator for the city I am responsible for ensuring the public safety and welfare of the citizens within the citys jurisdiction. This requires me to have a full understanding on my role and responsibilities for managing disaster response and employing resources in order to save lives, protect property, the environment. Additionally I’m tasked to preserve the less tangible but equally important social, economic and political structures. My first reaction was to alert the regional Joint Terrorism Task Force to prepare them for possible activation. Next it is vital to gain situational awareness and develop a Common Operating Picture (COP). This COP is the who, what, where, when and how as it relates to the incident. Situational awareness starts at the incident site and includes continuous monitoring of reporting channels to gainShow MoreRelatedFault For The Recovery Efforts Of Hurricane Katrina1511 Words   |  7 PagesHomeland Security (DHS) after the attacks , in a shift of focus to terrorism being the largest threat inside our borders. This had many ill-fated results for FEMA as an organization, the loss of valuable resources, and the creation of the National Response Plan effectively forced FEMA into a second fiddle during disasters. According to Haddow, Bullock, Coppola (2011), â€Å"where previously the director of FEMA had maintained a clear line of authority and accountability, the existence of a new FPORead MoreMitigation : The Challenge For Emergency Medical Services920 Words   |  4 Pagescontaminating additional individuals. An emergency exercise of the emergency response plan should be conducted regularly to ensure all parties involved including first responders are properly trained in how to respond to the various types of emergencies. The exercise also allows for the regular testing of resources and equipment to ensure functionality and responders are training on properly using the equipment (FEMA: National Response Framework, 2014). Without the exercise and training first respondersRead MoreEmergency Management And Emergency Managers1695 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction There are many roles an Emergency Managers will have to take in today’s emergency response and management field. The fact that emergency management covers such a vide field of concern means that the roles themselves will not be cookie cutter standardized throughout the world. In the United States there are Emergency Managers at the local, state, and federal level and each of these roles are similar. The fact that these Emergency Managers deal with separate issues that are not similarRead MoreThe Basic Principles Of Disaster Response3299 Words   |  14 Pages Floods water still rise to unacceptable levels, tornado events the wind still spins at high rates of speed, and wildland fires still char and devastate the land upon which it burns. Therefore, we can still learn the basic principles of disaster response and have high probability of success (Kramer Ph.D., 2009, p. 1). The American Heritage Dictionary defines disaster as â€Å"an occurrence causing widespread destruction and stress catastrophe† (Kramer Ph.D., 2009, p. 4). As first responders, theseRead MoreBeyond Katrina (Crisis Management)3204 Words   |  13 PagesKatrina: Improving Disaster Response Capabilities By Arnold M. Howitt and Herman B. â€Å"Dutch† Leonard, Kennedy School of Government As Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma successively lashed the gulf coast starting in late August 2005, nature’s fury exposed serious weaknesses in the United States’ emergency response capabilities. Not all emergencies pose this magnitude of challenge. In the United States, the initial—and usually major—responsibility for disaster response rests with local authoritiesRead MoreDisaser Management1785 Words   |  8 PagesTrident University International Marvell R. Dean MHES 509 Module 1 1. How is a response to destruction from a terrorist incident different from a response to a natural disaster? Be specific, give examples, and quote from the readings. 2. You are a volunteer for the American Red Cross. You are to enter a scene of destruction in order to assist wounded victims. What are some precautions that you must take? What are some restrictions placed on you? From whom do you receiveRead MoreNational Response Pl An Effective Emergency Plan1321 Words   |  6 Pages National Response Plan Howard L. Hayes Saint Leo University Abstract Why is it necessary for our country to have an effective emergency plan in place? Why does it matter how the country responds to emergencies when every part of our country, including cities and states, face emergency situations on a daily basis all over? Some are bad to worse, and some horrific to deadly. Well, this paper explains the importance of the National Response Plan and why it is necessary for our countryRead MoreNational Response Plan Howard L. Hayes Saint Leo University1323 Words   |  6 PagesNational Response Plan Howard L. Hayes Saint Leo University Abstract Why is it necessary for our country to have an effective emergency plan in place? Why does it matter how the country responds to emergencies when every part of our country, including cities and states, face emergency situations on a daily basis all over? Some are bad to worse, and some horrific to deadly. Well, this paper explains the importance of the National Response Plan and why it is necessary for our country to have it inRead MoreThe National Incident Management System1579 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Incident Management System is a systematic guideline on how to effectively plan, mitigate, respond and recover, from significant incidences especially those that encompass diverse interest and involves all levels of governments. It works hand in hand with the National Response Framework, which provides structure for incident management while NIMS provide the guide for all departments and agencies at all levels of government, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to workRead MoreRoles And Responsibilities Of Emergency Management1225 Words   |  5 PagesThe efforts of response and recovery have proven to be key in helping those affected by emergencies. This paper will examine some of the roles and responsibilities that are taken to first time responders and mangers. It is important for emergency management to make sure that the team around them are given the right to ols and knowledge to help assist people in emergency situations. Next, the discussion of the role of the state government has in dealing with emergency management. When there are organizations

Deforestation as a Major Problem Essay - 3194 Words

In order for living creatures to survive, a stable environment must exist. Although the environment is crucial for mans survival, man has been destroying it since the beginning of time. Man has been destroying trees for the use of wood for centuries. Today with an increasing population the amount of wood available has declined seriously in recent decades. People have been harvesting wood to cultivate land, burn, and for the use of raw materials for industry (Urquhart 2014). The estimated amount of deforestation taking place is twenty million hectares per year (Urquhart 2014). Climate change and global warming are just a few of the problems associated with the degradation of our forests. Scientists themselves are just beginning to†¦show more content†¦This is just as damaging to a forest as cutting down individual trees (NASA Facts). It is so damaging because to get the machinery into a forest they must cut down trees to form a pathway. By forming this pathway the trees in the way become useless because they were bulldozed out of the ground. Population affects the land differently by the ways people use the lands. From 1990 to 2000 closed forests lost a lot of land. The closed forests worldwide lost 34.8 million hectares and other land cover lost 21.6 million hectares. The total landmass of this loss of forests is comparable to the size of France (Marcoux). Most of this land was lost due to permanent agriculture and pastures. This is a lot of land over a ten year period that people have destroyed when they could have used other methods of farming to gain more profit and conserve land. This type of farming also leads to rapid population growth in these areas, which are taking more and more forestland. The rapid growth comes from people trying to seek land to colonize for it’s farming, or by agricultural entrepreneurs trying to make commercial operations (Marcoux). After the change from closed forest to open forest farmers took another 9 million hectares. The main reason for this was for fuel wood exploitation, grazing and related fire practices, and selective farming (Marcoux). Aside from cutting down forests for timber or farms, there is also a waste of forest due toShow MoreRelatedDeforestation Is The Real Consequences Of Deforestation1231 Words   |  5 Pageslike without these forests? If the rate of deforestation continues to increase then we may have to find out the answer to that question. Deforestation is a recurring global problem which is the act of tearing down a forest to use the land for a different purpose. Today’s society is so steadfast on advancement that they aren t stepping back to look at the solutions to the problem, alternatives, nor the very real consequences of deforestation. Deforestation could be destroyed in multiple ways. One ofRead MoreDeforestation: A Major Reason for Global Warming753 Words   |  3 Pages Topic: Climate Change Research question: How is deforestation a major reason for global warming? Deforestation is cutting down of trees for some purpose (furniture). It is very harmful for everybody as it causes landslides, earthquakes and many more problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Deforestation is a major cause as it also causes the main problem global warming. Global warming is an increase in average temperature of earth’s atmosphere. Deforestation also helps the greenhouse gas to spread (increase).Greenhouse gasRead MoreEssay on A Speech on Banning Deforestation614 Words   |  3 Pages Deforestation is a major problem and it causes a number of disruptions. Did you know that an area of forest equal to 20 football or rugby fields is lost every minute? This just gives you an idea of how much deforestation takes place. Deforestation is known as the world’s most pressing land-use problems, so don’t you think that something should be done about this? The size of the world’s forest total is 4.7%, yet emits 25% of the world total carbon dioxide. CarbonRead MoreDeforestation Of The Amazon Rainforest833 Words   |  4 Pages David Alas ENF 111 11/01/15 The Deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest I. Introduction A. The Amazon Rainforest is one of the most important natural features of our planet, crucial to our way of life. However, what Godfrey (1990) described as â€Å"one of the world’s last great settlement frontiers† is severely under threat. B. According to some experts, during the past 40 years close to 20 % of the Amazon rainforest has been destroyed. Furthermore, it has been suggested that this figure could beRead More The Controversy of Deforestation Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pages The affect of environmental issues occur everyday and in particular deforestation is becoming a highly ranked subject. From animals to the human race, the alacrity of trees that are cut down affects every individual in a variety of ways. Not only do people need to help the planet but they need to help themselves and further generations to come, such as children and grandchildren because these natural resources that are being taken away from society are as well shaping the future. For comprehensibleRead MoreDeforestation And Environment1125 Words   |  5 Pages Deforestation is a clearing of a wide area of into cleared land that is used for a variety of reasons. The impact on the environment from cutting down, burning and damaging forests is very detrimental and there will be severe consequences for the environment and future generations because of deforestation and approximately  7.3 million hectares of forests are being destroyed per year in the world. (citation)   In this essay, I will explore the impact that deforestation on the environment and I willRead MoreEnvironmental Issue: Tropical Rainforest Deforestation1624 Words   |  7 Pagesworld, deforestation has become a major problem. The rainforest is arguably the most complicated and largely interwoven ecosystem on land. However, this treasure is being lost and demolished day by day, the land being cleared away for the pure interest of money making, in the process of deforestation. Not only are thousands of species of organisms being driven to extinction, but we are also effe ctively eliminating any chance of studying many of the species. Also, deforestation has a major impactRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1197 Words   |  5 Pagesnot confined to a single region. It has become an important issue all over the world for the past few years. Reasons of global climatic change ïÆ'Ëœ Global warming is one of the major reasons in marine pollution. For an instance in year 2010 there was an oil leakage near Mumbai in Arabian Sea. ïÆ'Ëœ Another reason is deforestation. ïÆ'Ëœ Automobiles release the un burnt carbon monoxide due to which ultraviolet rays got a way to enter into atmosphere. Consequences for the global climatic change ïÆ'Ëœ HurricanesRead MoreDeforestation And Environment1402 Words   |  6 Pages Deforestation is an increasing global crisis and is mainly caused by human actions. Forests cover approximately 31% of the area on the planet (Deforestation, n.d.). Deforestation is the destruction of a wide area of forest land into a cleared land that is used for a variety of reasons. The impact on the environment from cutting down, burning and damaging forests is very detrimental and there are severe consequences for the environment and future generations due to deforestation. According to theRead MorePaper Towels And Its Effects On The World891 Words   |  4 Pageslead to deforestation- conversion of forested regions to non-forest land for human use and industrial gain until I really need it. After a long look at the mirror, I smirked to myself and turned around settling my wet hands in my pants pocket so that they would dry till I reach my class. After a few days of attachment to the commitment, I realized that although it might be just a drop of water in an ocean but we ca n really minimize the consumption of products that lead to deforestation. For that

Gun Control Essay - 911 Words

In the wake of all the school shootings in the past fifteen years gun control has become a more serious issue than before. Gun control has always been a concern in the United States, but not until the first major school shootings at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado did this topic become a reality to the American public. In 1999, this massacre left fifteen people dead including the assassins. And just recently on March 5, 2001 did the tradition continue, when Charles Andrew Williams killed two classmates, leaving many injured in Santee California. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;School shootings has become a very popular topic in the arguments for gun control. Gun control laws focus on making guns more difficult to obtain, as†¦show more content†¦The NRA supported the election of out current president, George W. Bush who according to the NRA follows the standard gun owner’s line. Which are harsher penalties against â€Å"gun-toting† criminals, but no more regulations for worthy citizens who take guns seriously (NRA). The Republicans feel that law-abiding citizens should have the right to their protection against criminals. This is the Republican’s point of view, make the consequences harsh and the number of violations will go down. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Democratic Party has pledged their faith in the concept of gun control. The Democratic Party has support from law enforcement and such organizations as the Million Mom March for gun control. They feel that more laws restrict people from using their weapons in a harmful manner. They feel that tighter laws are needed and an increase in penalties (Phinney). They feel that gun companies should not be spared from liability lawsuits, and feel that guns should not be apparent in society (Smith 7). After the shooting of six year old Kayla Rolland, by her classmate, Bill Clinton called for a â€Å"summit meeting†, of Congressional leaders to discuss tighter gun control laws (Naghton, Evan,and Flint). This is the Democrat’s point of view, fix it before it is a problem. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I am personally against gun control, I think that I should have the right to own a gun for my protection. I will always be afraidShow MoreRelatedGun Control766 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Paper Gun Control has been an issue that has been brought to the public’s eyes in recent years. This main issue has been going on for many years, for example when John F. Kennedy was assassinated; it raised public awareness to the lack of control on sales and also possession of guns in America. Until 1968 guns were available over the counter in stores and through mail catalogs to just about any adult in America. This was an example of how loosely guns were regulated which bring usRead MoreGun Violence And Gun Control1007 Words   |  5 Pagesshootings and various other methods of gun violence, tens of thousands of people die every year. These gun-related deaths primarily originate from murder and children accidentally shooting themselves. Although those in favor of gun control tend to believe that guns should be terminated completely, the second amendment prevents lawmakers from being able to do so. Therefore, in order to combat these causes, alternative gun control solutions mu st be made for each one. Gun-related murders can be decreasedRead MoreThe Gun Laws And Gun Control965 Words   |  4 Pagesoriginate from the accessibility of guns, but rather the actions of an individual that has disregard for life in today s society. There will always be ways for the offender commit crimes with or without guns. What is being done about gun control? We have all heard of all the tragedies throughout the country regarding guns. According to the President (2013) We know that we cannot stop every act of violence with guns, but what if we tried to stop even one? Weapon controls in the U.S. is structured atRead MoreGun Control For Gun Violence880 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2015, 13,367 people lost their lives due to gun violence according to Gun Violence Archive. The Archive also states that out of that number, 693 were children from ages 0-11. We can all agree that there is indeed a problem that we have to address. The solution to that problem, however, has been debated by many. I believe the solution to this problem exists in three parts: Mandatory training and licensing along with more heavily secure gun storage, stricter regulations on the purchasing of a firearm—disabilitiesRead MoreGuns And Their Effect On Gun Control962 Words   |  4 PagesGuns and the ability to use them have been under attack in the United States and many other places throughout the World. There are groups of people that believe that as long as we have the right to bear arms that many unprotected people will lose their lives due to gun violence. There are many trends that come with gun violence and where these mass shooting occur, but a main one is that when a place legally prohibits carrying a weapon then that is where the most gun violence happens. Where guns areRead MoreGuns And Gun Control855 Words   |  4 PagesThe rise in cases of gun violence and related incidences of assault has drawn the public to the issue of guns and gun control. Such has been evident within the spheres of politics especially with the last election period seeing the incumbent president Donald Trump suggesting on stringent gun control laws. However, despite the acknowledgment of the need to have better gun laws, much ground and consensus has never reached. Such, to an extent, contributed to the current lack of political goodwill withinRead MoreThe I ssue Of Gun Control Essay868 Words   |  4 Pages Gun Control Gun Control. Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2016. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 30 Apr. 2016. In this website, it discusses the debatable topic of gun control. In the article titled Gun Control, it states that the â€Å"The United States is the leader in per-capita gun deaths among industrial nations.† The main point of this article was to get the point across about the controversy that this has brought into the United States, not only does it quote influentialRead More Gun Control Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pages Gun Control Throughout America there is the constant debate concerning the second amendment or the right to bare arms. One day an innocent kid walking home from school gets shot in a drive by shooting is he just a victim of circumstance or could this of been easily prevented. There are lobbyist for the private ownership of guns and lobbyist for legislation to ban personal possession of guns for good. In this paper I hope that just maybe I can persuade you to think differently on a topic that’sRead MoreThe Assault Of Gun Control920 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has become a hot topic in the United States as of now. There will be those who are for guns and those who are against guns. Those who are for guns, assert that it is our right to bear arms according to the 2nd amendment and those who are against guns, believe that guns are unnecessary and cause more violence. Assault weapons, in particular, have caused too many deaths and the government needs to put a ban on assault weapons. First and foremost, assault weapons have claimed the livesRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesGuns have become a serious issue in today’s society. There have been incalculable incidents that involved a gun causing physical harm to a person. This can occur when guns are not properly stored in a safe location. House Bill 75 has been proposed to help solve this problem. With this bill set in place, if a minor has the ability to access a firearm unauthorized, the person responsible for that firearm will receive criminal penalties. As a matter of a fact, there have been cases reported about

History of Christianity Within the Roman Empire Free Essays

History of Christianity Within the Roman Empire Religion, one of the most important and controversial topics of all times, but where exactly did it come from? What obstacle did it have to go through to be come known? Who made it known? These are a few questions that are often asked but not always answered. There are many religions known today but in this paper I will focus on only one, Christianity. I will discuss the events, hardships and some of the important people that are valuable to make up this history of this now popular religion, in a very popular place, Rome. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Christianity Within the Roman Empire or any similar topic only for you Order Now Like almost successful thing its starts out a little rocky but finally comes out of top. Christianity was like no other religion the Roman empire had ever seen before. It challenged all its values and morals in every way possible and because of that was not a positive thing to be. Rome looked at anyone in the religion as an enemy of Rome and was a criminal who should be put to death if pronounced themselves a Christian. It all started around the year 30C. E. with one man named Jesus Christ from Galilee. When he was around 30 he spoke about a kingdom in heaven and not on Earth, conservatives called him a false profit who undermined the Jewish religion, by calling himself the son of God. Jesus went to the land to spread his simple teachings that were based upon to love God and one another, to care for each other and help those in need. The Roman saw him as revolutionary and decided to keep a close watch over him, scared that he might would cause a problem due to his such large base of followers. It wasn’t long until the Sadducees, who had control over Judea where Jesus did most of his teachings, could’t take much more. The fear of Jesus and his followers turning into a revolt against them, lead the Sadducees to turn to the Romans for help to get him out and take away the threat he may propose. They ask the Romans to arrest Jesus Christ and execute him because he was committing blasphemy, saying he was the son of God and that was prohibited. Since they couldn’t condemn anyone to death, they wanted the Romans to do it from them because they on the other hand could and so they did. Jesus was arrested on Holy Thursday and had he trial the next day on Friday. Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor was over his trial and even though Pilate did not agree with the Sadducees on the execution of Jesus, he still with through with it. When he announces the execution of Jesus Christ to the public he lets them know as well that this was not his order and has nothing to do with it but what he’s doing is simply carrying out what the Sadducees wanted to be done. Executing someone because of their religion couldn’t be done so in order for it to be done they executed him under insurrection and labeled him enemy of the state. His death began the rise of Christianity all around the land including with in the Roman Empire. Another important person in the spread of Christianity was Saul of Tauses, who later became Paul when he became a Christian. His played a great role in preaching the gospel, planting churches and establishing Christianity through out the land and around the Mediterranean Basin. He was naturally a Roman citizen and for a long time was against Christians helping in the prosecution of the church of God and cooperating in the killing of early Christians. Paul reached out to everyone including the Gentiles who were not of Jewish decent, trying to inform them of his new found religion and beliefs. After the end of his third missionary journey he was arrested and brought to Rome to have trial for his alleged crime. For two years he waited for his trial and during that time he preached from his home about the gospel but not too long after it was said that he was beheaded in Rome under the reign of Nero. At this time Christianity began to spread through Rome like a wild fire. The summer after the deaths of Jesus Christ and St. Paul Christianity began to become even more popular amongst the poorer people in Rome in 64. That year Rome had a horrible fire that lasted six days, destroying most of the city. It was rumored that the emperor of the time Nero, was to be blamed for the fire. That he did it for his own personal amusement. To take the focus and blame off of him, he placed the accusations on the Christians saying they started the fire and was to blame. This event in start of many horrific deaths of Christians, having them tortured, and treating them being killed as a sport all for the pleasure of Nero and the Roman citizens. This lasted for about the next 100 years or so and throughout this time many Christian churches were destroyed, meetings held for Christians were forbidden and those who refused to follow the rules lost their legal rights. The Romans believed that Christianity was to be disturbing a mans mind in such a way that he is really going insane and causing him to loose humanity. After years and years of Negativity and Hostility by the Roman empire things finally started to turn around with the emperor Constantine and his new enforced reform. Before the battle of Milvan, Constantine saw the Christian symbol and put it all over him and his armies battle gear and because they win the battle he in 313 he makes the Edict of Milan. The Edict of Milan legalized Christian worship by removing all discriminating legislation against them from the statute book and making the church to be recognized by civil authorities. Constantine officially stared the acceptance of Christianity in the Rome and even after his death the spread and acceptance of Christianity didn’t stop. Once the church obtained its freedom, it became more structured and stable within itself. Around 323 Christianity was made the official religion of Rome and by the end of the fourth century, the majority of the Roman citizens had converted over to the religion. Christianity played a huge role in Roman history and there are many more influential people and events that took place during this time. Although the rode for Christianity to be come accepted was long and rough, that helped make put its making history like it did. It has become one of the biggest religions known today. How to cite History of Christianity Within the Roman Empire, Essay examples

Employee Attitude and Job Satisfaction

Question: Discuss about theEmployee Attitude and Job Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction: This article aims to critically analyse the major gaps amid the scientific research and HR practice in the field of employee attitudes in general and their attitude towards job-satisfaction. The main focus of the paper will be on the causes of employee attitudes and the results of negative or positive job satisfaction with a little brief about how to influence and measure employee attitudes. The research that has been carried includes enquiry and survey based on journals and articles from newspapers, online blogs by Australian bloggers, and also academic articles, historical records and statistical information. The overall research showed mixed results in employee attitudes towards job-satisfaction, still measures should be taken to enhance the level of job-satisfaction amongst employees. In future, study and research will likely to be focused upon in-depth consideration of personal characteristics, for example, feelings, moods and emotion, in describing job-satisfaction also how the attitude of employees affects the performance of organization. Keywords: Employee attitudes, Job-Satisfaction, measures, research, survey. One of the most complex situations faced by leaders and managers of an organization is the attitude of their subordinate employees towards job-satisfaction. We have repeatedly heard these two contradicting statements Happy Employees are productive employees and Happy employees are not productive employees by managers, leaders and HR professionals. Employee attitudes and job-satisfaction is now a major topic of debate and confusion amongst its practitioners. Hence, this paper aims to provide in-depth knowledge and understanding about this topic and provide commendations associated to the key practitioner awareness gaps. A study by human resource professionals Brown, Colbert Ryan and research conducted on various scholar and journal articles claims that the main gaps exists in this field are: the reason behind the changing attitudes of employees, the impact of negative and positive job satisfaction, and what measures should be taken to judge and influence the attitudes of employees. It is important to understand the meaning of job-satisfaction and employee attitudes before beginning further. Every employee at the organization has its own viewpoint about his career, his job and the organization he is working in. Conversely, based on the results of practise and research, job-satisfaction is the most pivotal attitude of an employee. Hence, this term employee attitude will be used broadly throughout the paper, though the area of concern will be job-satisfaction majorly. Locke (2002) has done a research on the topic and definition given by him is most used definition which is . . . a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences (p. 1478). The definition by Locke implicates the significance of both thinking, or cognition and feeling, or affect. Whenever we start thinking about something we develop feelings for what we are thinking, On the other hand, when there are feelings for something, we usually think about how we are feeling. Thinking and feeling are hence inseparably connected, in humans biology and even psychology. Hence, while thinking about job-satisfaction both feeling and cognition is involved. The Causes of Employee Attitudes Human resource practitioners, generally understands the significance of working conditions as cause of employee attitudes and the satisfaction for their job. Many studies have been conducted in the past to gain an understanding of cultural and dispositional influences on the job-satisfaction; still there is a major gap in the knowledge of the same. Dispositional Influences An article on dispositional influences revealed that (Motowidlo 2006) an employees score for the satisfaction of his/her job is stable over time, even if the person changes jobs frequently. One of the article stated that an individuals job satisfaction is statistically related to his childhood personality even up to 35 years far along (Staw Ross, 2005). According to a study conducted by (Erez 2014), it has been indicated that job satisfaction even depends on the differences in employees temperament or disposition, although this point is in debate from several years. Regardless of several studies and researches, it is still unknown that up to what extent disposition influences job-satisfaction. Hence, scholars now explore the inner progressions that motivate dispositional causes of job satisfaction. Such as, Durham stated that some events at workplace which might be related to employees emotions could be the reason. A study also specifies that behaviour traits, for example, meticulousness and extra-version could also result in affecting job-satisfaction. Cultural Influences The sustained globalization of corporations enforces new challenges for human resource specialists, on the other hand information available on HR issues and cosmopolitan organizational issues could help HR practitioners to gain better understanding of cultural influences on job-satisfaction. Hofstede conducted a research in 70 countries over the data on employees attitude and demonstrated that culture has a great influence on peoples perspective of job-satisfaction and thus concluded that it could be grouped into four major dimensions which are uncertainty avoidance, achievement orientation, power distance and individualism vs. collectivism. Such as, Singapore was found to be low on uncertainty avoidance and power distance while very high on individualism while for China the state was completely opposite. China is very high on collectivism and power distance, while low on uncertainty avoidance and Mexico is high on all three dimensions. The other factor in cultural influence has been found as how the employees are valued and treated across various cultures in various countries. Research indicates that there is a systematic variation on the viewpoint to which organizations view employees in humanistic vs. instrumental behaviours. As per the recommendations to bridge the gap, cognizance and awareness and at any time when probable, adjustments to cultural factors which affect the attitude of an employee towards its job and a measurement of these are significant for human resource practitioners. The Result of Positive and Negative Job Satisfaction Another major gap of knowledge is to understand the impact of job satisfaction on an employee. Multiple confusion and debates have been heard over it in the past, if the employees who are satisfied with their job have a high level of productivity. Human resource managers continually struggle over it as their motive is to limit the costs and are also apprehensive about its effects, which ultimately results in employees enactments and other results. Job Performance and Satisfaction Many of the reviews from past studies shows that there is a little and weak association amongst performance and job-satisfaction. A study from the year 1996 suggests that co-relation amid performance and job satisfaction on the statistics scale in only 0.18 (Judge and Watanabe 2006). Hence, the researchers summed up their theory by stating that association amid both was an illusory and administration fad. Conversely, an advanced study on the same contradicts the above conclusion and states that Unable to get a strong bond between performance and job-satisfaction is might be due to use of tapered characterizations of job-performance (Bono and Patton 2011). Additionally, a recent analysis of 305 studies demonstrated that, when measurement and sampling errors are modified to correct co-relations, the average co-relation amid both is as high as .30. Hence, contradicting to past studies, it seems that performance is in all manner related to job satisfaction, and connection is even more st ring in case of professionals. How to Influence and Measure Employee Attitudes One of the major gaps in HR knowledge is how to influence and measure the attitudes on employees. Various possible methods are present for example, surveying, interviewing and conducting focus groups. Out of these, the best method is well-constructed employee attitude survey (EAS). The research in this area is based on two surveys facet vs. global measures and employee attitude measures. As per the literature review, two of the broadly authenticated EAS measures are Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and Job Descriptive Index. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire assesses job satisfaction on the basis of versatile nature of an employee; short as well as long forms are available, along with faceted and global procedures. The Job Descriptive Index evaluates satisfaction regarding job on five distinct fields which are supervision, co-workers, promotion, pay and the work itself. This has an inspiring display of validation and is reliable. Survey of Employee attitudes if used effectively could be facilitator of producing organizational change in a positive way and may also result in improving employees attitudes. All through this paper, various studies have been discussed regarding knowledge gaps and also the paper discussed suggestions and various measures to close these gaps. One of the essential measures to bridge this gap is to have better and enhanced information from the research. As the HR professionals are always in demand for one or the other tasks, it would be really difficult to manage this, yet this is increasingly expected of HR practitioners. Conclusion and Future Guidelines The area of managerial psychology consists of rich, long and sometimes, contentious past in relation to the understanding of employee attitudes and job-satisfaction. Few of the scholars and researchers deliver guidance related to measuring, improving and understanding attitudes of the employees in the real world while some of the researchers are very specific and focused mainly on other publishers. Future researches based on employees attitude and job satisfaction will try to possess a better understanding of the interaction amid the situation and the individual, also several external and internal aspects which affects the attitude of an employee will be discussed. Particularly, an enhanced knowledge of emotions role along with wider environmental impacts is the necessity of future research which has been overlooked in past. Additionally, future research will be responsible for detailed understanding of effects of employees attitude and job satisfaction on administrative dealings, for example, fiscal procedures and customer satisfaction. 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