Education in America between suburban and urban schools Essay

Education in America between suburban and urban schools - Essay Example The process of accreditation was initiated in 1913, ending in 1952. Within the last century, the quantities of private high schools have grown at relatively stable rates, unlike public schools whose growth rates have fallen since the 1950’s and 1960’s. For example, between 1966 and 1976, the quantities of state educational institutions have grown at more than 180 percent, with private schools only growing about 10 percent at the same time. In the beginning of the present century, the average special educational institution made up roughly half the quantity of all educational institutions of the higher school. From the 1950’s through the 1970’s, the public sector of higher education increased due to a rise in the quantity of biennial colleges. For example, in 1970 the state biennial colleges made up more than 70 percent of all varieties of biennial colleges combined. However, by the end of 20th century their quantity had decreased to only 60 percent. The number of students attending the accredited high schools within the 2 0th century grew at higher rates than the quantity of other educational institutions. Further, at the beginning of the present century, accredited enrollment was made up of approximately 15 million people. However, at the beginning of the 1990’s, the tendency of excess of rates of growth of the number of students above that of the rates of growth of high schools had changed, and the quantity of high schools began to grow at higher rates than that of the number of students. During this period the lowest gain was eight percent, which occurred when the gain of the quantity of high schools for the same period experienced a 15 percent growth rate. In this situation, the average number of students of an educational institution, which constantly grew during all centuries, began to decrease. If in 1990 the average of students made 3.9 thousand persons, in 2000 the rate was

Todays Justice System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Todays Justice System - Essay Example However, there is no denying the fact that justice also happens to be a highly subjective concept, which is often susceptible to diverse interpretations. What may seem just to a person or a group may sound unjust or partial to many other. In that context, it will be interesting to have a look into the concept of justice as per Confucius, Machiavelli and Lao-tzu, to facilitate a bit better understanding of the contemporary justice system. The Confucian concept of justice is woven around the notion of 'gong', which if roughly translated means 'impartiality' (Cleary, 2000). Hence, Confucian dogmas strongly instruct the state and the justice system to resolve and solve the social conflicts and differences without resorting to any sort or form of discrimination or partiality. According to Confucius, the overall sense of direction and moral health of any society depends on the extent to which virtue and uprightness manage to permeate the social, commercial and personal spheres of life (Cleary, 2000). Therefore, the people only tend to develop a strong affinity with propriety if there prevails a sense of justice in any society. ... Therefore, the people only tend to develop a strong affinity with propriety if there prevails a sense of justice in any society. It is understood that justice to Confucius meant absolute fairness and total absence of any sort of favoritism. Thus, in the given context, the fair and equitable distribution and allocation of national resources and opportunities of growth constitute an integral part of the Confucian concept of justice (Cleary, 2000). Confucius favored a concept of justice that distinctly favored the marginalized and weaker sections of the society and ensured their well being and safety. Contrary to Confucius, the Machiavellian concept of justice is blatantly opportunistic. Machiavelli holds that the means are always subservient to the ends (Machiavelli, 1984). Thus, the direct premise of this line of reasoning is that the state or the political authority can resort to any line of action while dispensing justice, provide the delivered verdict or conclusion aid and abets the political authority in achieving its coveted and vested aims and objectives (Machiavelli, 1984). Therefore, according to the Machiavellian notion of justice, justice does not happen to be a means to disseminate a sense of fairness in the society, but a tool to further the interests of those in power. Justice merely dwindles to being a convenient tool rather then being an exalted institution and a reliable pillar of social stability. To Machiavelli, virtue and fairness meant any thing that furthered the narrow interests of the state (Machiavelli, 1984). In the Machiavellian concept of justice, pre servation and protection of the realm takes preponderance over everything else.Lao-Tzu's concept