Environmental Sustainability And Ethics Into The Business...

As a manager of a fine dining restaurant in an inner city suburb, I notice that there is an increase in the number of people enquiring about food items featured on the menu. Some are vegetarian; some ask where and how the food is produced, whilst others are celiac or show a high level of concern over the ingredients used in each dish, due to allergies. As a result, there will be a growing trend towards consuming foods based on informed choice. On the other hand, there are also some concerns about the ethics of eating and the provenance of food used on the menu. Hence, I decide that incorporating principles of informed choice and ethics into the business could be a good way to respond to these emerging trends and promote the business as being sustainable, environmentally concerned and ethically responsible. There are some imperative issues that the business ought to consider about: †¢ environmental sustainability †¢ energy conservation †¢ ethical eating †¢ healthy eating and allergies †¢ locavorism and food miles †¢ vegan and vegetarianism †¢ recycling and waste management †¢ free-trade 2.0 Research issues. 2.1 Environmental Sustainability. According to Asner et al (2004), agricultural activities and their complex effects on nature conservation, and the services that ecosystems deliver to humans are controversial. We present an overview of land abandonment, its driving forces and its consequences for landscape, biodiversity and humans. A descriptive met analysis of independentlyShow MoreRelatedInternal And External Factors Affecting Mcdonalds1468 Words   |  6 Pagesis created for McDonald’s. There are various internal and external environmental factors affecting the functions of McDonald’s corporation and demands for new innovations. 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A global corporation who specializes in providing technology solutions for five different business segments ranging from personal computers to gaming devices, Microsoft has demonstratedRead MoreHow Can Contemporary Society Address Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesHow can contemporary society address â€Å"the complex interaction of environmental, social, and economic force that factors and currently limiting the sustainability of business enterprises around the world, a clear gap created among the â€Å"words† and â€Å"action†, according to the latest global information? How can federal and state agencies break down silos and work together to pursue sustainability? What is the prefe rred model for business-government collaboration and engagement with civil society and nongovernmentalRead MoreCompanys Csr Sustainability Program1485 Words   |  6 PagesIV. Company’s CSR-Sustainability Program A. History The rising need for protection of intellectual property rights and improvement of public health lead the pharmaceutical industry to establish an agreement in 2001 with the World Trade Organization. In Sanofi’s earliest archived sustainability effort, Environmental Progress Report 2001, it states that Sanofi has taken initiatives to promote sustainable development as a reaction to the rise of wider and on going responsibilities. They have pursuedRead MoreEthics and Sustainability1129 Words   |  5 PagesI. Introduction â€Å"Sustainability,† â€Å"environmental,† â€Å"social,† these are few of the buzz words that are deemed important in discussions of corporate obligations that go beyond the traditional means of doing business. Being in public procurement allows empowerment to influence such obligations not just between a customer and a vendor, but also on how the vendor treats its employees and how things like packaging and dumping of waste can hinder a potential business transaction. Sustainable purchasingRead MoreEthics and Values in Business Sustainability789 Words   |  3 PagesDraft Ethics and values can be described as very important to business sustainability. There are ethics which are individual moral principles that govern or influence a person’s behaviour and there are business ethics which are written or unwritten codes of principles or values that govern decisions and actions within an organisation. Values are the context within which an organisation or a society’s norms are established and justified. All these aspects are important to the sustainability of anRead MoreMonsanto Is A Multinational Agricultural Biotechnology Corporation Based From The Usa1123 Words   |  5 PagesMonsanto is a multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation based in the USA. They are world’s leading producers of GMO seeds and rBGH. The company operates two business segments seeds and Genomics and Agriculture productivity. Monsanto is a company that has been around since 1901. They have renovated their company several times throughout the last cent ury to fulfill a need in society. They have been suppliers for items such as artificial sweeter, saccharine, which was sold to Coca-Cola, vanillaRead MoreSustainability : A Long And Mixed History Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pages Due to the environmental pollution caused by transportation, there are endless increasing problems of waste disposal and many other problems that the world faces. It has been suggested that businesses require re-thinking and thus each business should apply the concept of sustainability which is a common term used in business ethics. Sustainability has a long and mixed history due to its importance (Crane and Matten, 2007). Sustainable development recognizes the importance of economic wealth, environmentalRead MoreWhat is Business Ethics?741 Words   |  3 Pages In today’s business world businesses face the challenge of doing the right thing over doing the profitable thing more than ever before. For many years the sole purpose of business was to be make profits for the shareholders. This view has now been changed. The propriety of business actions is being challenged by the modern day consumer. One of the major issues or opportunities (depending on which way one may see it) is the issue of ‘going-green’. Consumers in today’s society have access to a large

Queer Culture in Southeast Asia Free Essays

When discussing queer culture In modern times, It is automatically classified as a western Idea. Queer Identities and queer struggles are associated with whiteness, as a white concept. This is one of the many causes of colonization, and how in some way it erased the history of oppressed communities. We will write a custom essay sample on Queer Culture in Southeast Asia or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, pre-colonization history indicates that queer culture had been developed within ancient civilizations. If we look at ancient civilizations in Latin America, societies had a different ideology of what ender was, and were open to the idea of same-sex Interactions. It Is no different of Southeast Asia. As we examine several cultures we see that queer culture has a historical context within marginalia communities. The Business people are an ethnic group of South Usualness, which is a providence in Indonesia. Their origins trace back to 2500 BCC as being ancestors to people with an Stationeries background. Gender, for this ethnic group, is seen as fluid. There are five genders within this ethnic group: male, female, Calais, Calais and Bissau. The Business people, like other ethnic groups, believed that male-female Identities helped with the structure of the universe. Thus, ritual specialist exalted androgynous characteristics in order to communicate with spirits. The Bissau, an example of ritual specialist with androgynous characteristics, have the main purpose to give blessings to people, since it is believed that they are possessed by spirits. This ethnic group believes that the Bissau came to be when Bator Guru was sent down to create life in the planet. However, since he was not the best at organizing, so two issue were sent down to help Bator Guru create a culture that would blossom. In this sense. The Business people acknowledge that this culture was created, by two gender non-conforming aides. The Bissau influenced, is also connected to the modern- day Wars of Indonesia. Part of the connection between the Wars and the Bissau is that they are completely different from Western concepts of transgender culture. Even though I was unable to find much history of the Wars, due to geographical location, It makes sense that a connection does exist between the Wars and the Bliss. Bator Guru, a deity In several Indonesian mythologies, Is a Hindu God. This means that this notion of gender fluidity goes back to Hinduism. However, it Is soul extremely difficult to find any history of queer culture before colonization. Third-gender identities are now more evident in modern day and post-colonial times. The Philippines are an example of this, but as mentioned before, to find much history of when they came to be Is an extremely difficult task. Malaysia, and the Make Young Is another example of queer culture Is Southeast Asia. This form of traumatized once Is believed to be almost 1000 years old. Now a days, It Is Just seen as any other regular performance, and its roots from queer culture have been neglected, but it’s known that the Make Young and other communities in Malaysia were mainly made up of gender fluid and queer members. There’s history of queer relationships in the Han Dynasty and Chou Dynasty. Emperor Ai (27 BCC-I CE) and Duke Ling of Wee (534 BCC- 403 BCC), respectively, are example of these cultures. Even though we find these forms of relationships In Ancient South Salsa and East Asia, Southeast Salsa is still hat colonized settlements had been exposed to their own queer culture and queer identities, neglects and oppresses people from those ethnic back grounds, and formulates this idea that within the LIGHT+ community, brown bodies are being saved by colonization, from their â€Å"homophobic† cultures. When thinking of modern day queer culture, and how it intersects with race, I personally think that it’s important to be critical of the history of pre-colonization. Queer identities have been around for years, and they do not belong to western cultures, as we have been taught to believe. How to cite Queer Culture in Southeast Asia, Papers

Cuba nation Report Essay Research Paper INTRODUCTION free essay sample

Cuba ( state Report ) Essay, Research Paper Introduction Cuba, largest island of the West Indies, South of Florida of the United States and E of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. It forms, with assorted next islands, the democracy of Cuba. Cuba commands the two entrywaies to the Gulf of Mexico # 8212 ; the Straits of Florida and the Yucatan Channel. On the E, Cuba is separated from the island of Hispaniola by the Windward Passage, a transporting path between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The United States maintains a naval base at Guantanamo Bay in the sou-east. Havana is Cuba # 8217 ; s capital and largest metropolis. The island extends about 1225 kilometer ( about 760 myocardial infarctions ) from Cabo de San Antonio to Cabo Maisi, the western and eastern appendages, severally. The mean breadth is about 80 kilometers ( about 50 myocardial infarction ) , with extremes runing from 35 to 251 kilometers ( 22 to 160 myocardial infarction ) . The entire country is 114,524 sq kilometer ( 44,218 myocardial infarction ) including the country of the Isla de la Juventud, or Isle of Youth ( once called Isle of Pines ) and of other islands of the democracy. We will write a custom essay sample on Cuba nation Report Essay Research Paper INTRODUCTION or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Land AND RESOURCES About one-quarter of the surface of Cuba is cragged or hilly, the balance consisting of level or turn overing terrain. The cragged countries are scattered throughout the island and do non stem from a cardinal mass. The chief scopes are the Sierra de los Organos, in the West ; the Sierra de Trinidad, in the cardinal portion of the island ; and the Sierra Maestra, in the sou-east. The first two scopes are under 914 m ( 3000 foot ) in tallness ; the Sierra Maestra, which includes the Sierra del Cobre and Macaca scopes, is the greatest in height, mass, and extent, and contains Pico Turquino ( 2000 m/ 6561 foot ) , the highest point in Cuba. Most of the dirt of Cuba is comparatively fertile. One of the extraordinary natural characteristics of the island is the big figure of subsurface limestone caverns, notably the caves of Cotilla, situated near Havana. Most of the legion rivers of Cuba are short and unnavigable. The main watercourse is the Cauto, located in the sou-east. The seashore of Cuba is highly irregular and is indented by legion gulfs and bays ; the entire length is about 4025 kilometer ( about 2500 myocardial infarction ) . The island has a big figure of first-class seaports, the bulk of which are about wholly landlocked. Noteworthy seaports are those of Havana, Cardenas, Bahia Honda, Matanzas, and Neuvitas, on the northern seashore, and Guantanamo, Santiago de Cuba, Cienfuegos, and Trinidad, on the southern seashore. Climate The clime of Cuba is subtropical, the average one-year temperature being 25? C ( 77? F ) . Extremes of heat and comparative humidness, which average 27.2? C ( 81? F ) and 80 per centum, severally, during the summer season, are tempered by the prevailing northeasterly trade air currents. The one-year rainfall norms about 1320 millimeter ( about 52 in ) . More than 60 per centum of the rain falls during the moisture season, which extends from May to October. The island lies in a part on occasion traversed by violent tropical hurricanes during August, September, and October. Natural Resources The land and clime of Cuba favour agribusiness, and the state besides has important mineral militias. Nickel, chrome, Cu, Fe, and manganese sedimentations are the most of import. Sulfur, Co, pyrites, gypsum, asbestos, crude oil, salt, sand, clay, and limestone militias are besides exploited. All subsurface sedimentations are the belongings of the authorities. Plants and Animals Cuba has a broad assortment of tropical flora. Extensive piece of lands in the eastern part of the island are to a great extent forested. The most prevailing species of trees are the thenars, of which Cuba has more than 30 types, including the royal thenars. Other autochthonal vegetations are mahogany, coal black, lignum vitae, cottonwood, logwood, rosewood, cedar pine, mahoe, Passiflora quadrangularis, jaguery, baccy, and citrous fruit trees. Merely two land mammals, the hutia, or cane rat, and the solenodon, a rare insectivore, are known to be autochthonal. The island has legion chiropterans and about 300 species of birds, including the vulture, wild Meleagris gallopavo, quail, finch, chump, macaw, parrakeet, and hummingbird. Among the few reptilians are tortoises, the caiman, and a species of boa that can achieve a length of 3.7 m ( 12 foot ) . More than 700 species of fish and crustaceans are found in Cuban Waterss. Noteworthy among these are land pediculosis pubiss, sharks, garfish, robalo, ronco, eel, mangua, and tuna. Numerous species of insects exist, the most harmful of which are the chigger, a type of flea, and the Anopheless mosquito, carrier of the malaria parasite. Population The Cuban population is made up chiefly of three groups. Approximately 66 per centum of the population is white and chiefly of Spanish descent ; 22 per centum is of assorted racial heritage and 12 per centum is black. Almost all of the people are native-born. More than 75 per centum of the population is classified as urban. The radical authorities, installed in 1959, has by and large destroyed the stiff societal stratification inherited from Spanish colonial regulation. Population Features, Religion, and Language The population of Cuba at the 1981 nose count was 9,723,605 ; the estimated population in 1995 is 11,091,000, giving the state a population denseness of about 97 individuals per sq kilometer ( about 251 per sq myocardial infarction ) . Professed Roman Catholics have declined from more than 70 per centum to about 33 per centum of the population since 1957. Among Protestants, approximately 1 per centum of Cubans, Pentecostalism is the prevailing tradition. About 50 per centum of Cubans consider themselves nonreligious. Spanish is the official linguistic communication of Cuba. Political Divisions and Principal Cities Cuba consists of 14 states and the particular municipality of Isla de la Juventud ( Isle of Youth ) . The capital, largest metropolis, and main port of Cuba is Havana ( population, 1990 estimation 2,119,059 ) . Marianao ( 1981 greater metropolis population, 127,563 ) is a suburb of Havana and a beach resort. Other of import metropoliss and towns and their populations include Santiago de Cuba ( 418,721 ) , a major haven and industrial centre ; Camaguey ( 286,404 ) , an inland transit junction and commercial centre ; Holguin ( 232,770 ) , located in a rich agricultural part ; Guantanamo ( 203,371 ) , a centre for the processing of agricultural merchandises ; Santa Clara ( 197,189 ) ; Cienfuegos ( 125,000 ) ; and Mantanzas ( 115,466 ) . Education School attending is mandatory and free for kids in Cuba between the ages of 6 and 12. During the late sixtiess about 10,000 new schoolrooms were provided in rural countries, going libraries were introduced, and all parochial schools were nationalized. In the early 1990s some 917,889 students attended primary schools, approximately 597,997 pupils were enrolled in secondary schools, and about 314,168 pupils attended proficient schools, instructors colleges, and other schools. The state # 8217 ; s higher educational establishments enrolled about 242,434 pupils ; the largest university was the University of Havana ( 1728 ) . The state # 8217 ; s adult literacy rate exceeds 95 per centum. Culture Cuban civilization is a combination of Spanish and African traditions. The blending of the Spanish guitar and the African membranophone gives Cuban music its most typical signifiers, the rhumba and the boy. Some of its common people music, nevertheless, such as the punto, the zapateo, and the guajira, has been greatly influenced by European music. Noted Cuban authors include the 19th-century poets Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda y Arteaga and Julian del Casal and the modern-day novelists Alejo Carpentier and Jose Lezama Lima. The National Library in Havana is the largest in Cuba and contains some 2.2 million volumes. Municipal libraries operate in Havana and the provincial capitals. The National Museum in Havana houses aggregations of both classical and modern art and relics of native civilizations. Other of import museums are the Colonial and Anthropological museums in Havana, the Emilio Bacardi Moreau Museum of natural history and art in Santiago, and the Oscar M. de Rojas Museum in Cardenas. All libraries and museums are under the supervising of the national authorities. In add-on, Cuban metropoliss support a assortment of cultural activities, such as theatre and concert dance. Economy The radical authorities that gained power in 1959 nationalized about 90 per centum of the production industries and some 70 per centum of the farming area of Cuba. Once about 16 per centum of the land was separately owned, while the balance was held in big estates or by big sugar companies. Creditss and subsidies from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ) to Cuba totaled some $ 38 billion between 1961 and 1984 and up to $ 5 billion yearly in the late eightiess. The prostration of the Soviet axis, striping Cuba of its prima assistance givers and trade spouses, dealt a disabling blow to the state # 8217 ; s economic system as the 1990s began. In 1993 President Fidel Castro signed a edict leting some free endeavor in more than 100 trades and services. Agribusiness Cuba usually ranks among the universe leaders in sugar production, and sugar cane is its largest harvest by volume and value. In the early 1990s the one-year sugar cane crop was about 58 million metric dozenss, and natural sugar end product was about 8 million metric dozenss. A reemphasis on sugar production in the late sixtiess represented a displacement from an earlier policy of rapid industrialisation designed to diversify the economic system. A 2nd harvest of commercial importance is baccy, grown particularly in Pinar del Rio Province. Production amounted to about 40,000 metric dozenss yearly in the early 1990s ; a significant part of the harvest is manufactured into Havana cigars, an internationally popular merchandise. Among other of import agricultural merchandises are java, citrous fruit fruit, Ananas comosuss, rice, chocolate tree beans, bananas, maize, plantains, cotton, murphies, tomatoes, and sweet peppers. Cattle, which numbered about 5 million caput in the early 1990s, are valuable farm animal, and pigs, Equus caballuss, domestic fowl, sheep, and caprine animals are besides raised in important Numberss. Mining and Fabrication Minerals were among the most valuable exports of Cuba before the revolution of 1959. Mineral production, nevertheless, has since declined slightly. The chief minerals recovered include Nis and Cu ores, Cr, salt, Co, rock, petroleum crude oil, natural gas, and Mns. In the early 1970s, Cuba undertook a plan of mechanization in its of import sugar industry. The dairy and cattle industries were besides streamlined. Other major industries include cement, steel, refined crude oil, gum elastic and baccy merchandises, processed nutrient, fabrics, vesture, footwear, chemicals, and fertiliser. Currency and Foreign Trade The pecuniary unit of Cuba is the peso ( .76 pesos equal U.S. $ 1 ; 1994 ) , issued by the National Bank and composed of 100 centavos. All Cuban Bankss were nationalized in 1960. Sugar and sugar merchandises make up approximately 75 per centum of one-year Cuban exports. Tobacco, Ni and Cu ores, groceries, and crude oil merchandises are other of import export trade goods. Major imports include groceries, fuel, natural industrial stuffs, motor vehicles, machinery, and consumer goods. Before 1959 most Cuban trade was with the United States. In 1960 the United States declared a complete trade stoppage on trade between the two states. In the early 1990s Cuba # 8217 ; s main trade spouses were Argentina, Bulgaria, China, and the states of the former USSR. Cuba # 8217 ; s entire imports each twelvemonth cost about $ 1.7 billion, and its exports earned about $ 1.5 billion. In 1995 Cuba joined in organizing the Association of Caribbean States ( ACS ) , a free-trade organisation. The ACS comprises the members of the Caribbean Community and Common Market ( CARICOM ) every bit good as 12 other Cardinal American, South American, and Caribbean states. Government Cuba is governed under a fundamental law adopted in 1976, as later amended. It defines the state as a socialist province in which all power belongs to the working people. The Communist party is Cuba # 8217 ; s lone legal political party. Cardinal Government The cardinal legislative assembly of Cuba is the National Assembly of People # 8217 ; s Power, whose 510 members are elected to five-year footings by direct cosmopolitan vote. The National Assembly, which on a regular basis meets twice during the twelvemonth, elects a Council of State of approximately 30 members to transport out its maps when it is non in session. The Council of State includes a president, who is the state # 8217 ; s caput of province ; a first frailty president ; and five other frailty presidents. The National Assembly besides chooses a Council of Ministers, which is Cuba # 8217 ; s main administrative organic structure. The council is headed by the president. Local Government Cuba is divided into 16 9 municipalities and 14 states ; the Isla de la Juventud municipality is non portion of any state, and its personal businesss are overseen straight by the cardinal authorities. Each municipality has an assembly composed of delegates elected to footings of two and one-half old ages. The municipal assemblies choose executive commissions, the members of which make up five regional assemblies for each state. These regional organic structures besides have executive commissions, which together form the rank of the provincial assembly ( in bend, headed by an executive commission ) . At each degree the executive commission oversees the daily administrative maps of its assembly. Judiciary Judicial power is exercised by the People # 8217 ; s Supreme Court on the national degree, by tribunals of justness in instances that are provincial or regional in nature, and by the municipal tribunals. Revolutionary courts are convened to cover with offenses against the province. Defense The Cuban ground forces is made up of about 145,000 soldiers, and has been mostly equipped by the former USSR. The naval forces, which has a rank of about 13,500 crewmans, operates missile boats and assorted smaller trade. The 15,000-member air force is equipped with Soviet-built aircraft, consisting interceptor, ground-attack, and other first-line trade. Cuba besides possesses Soviet-made surface-to-air and antishipping missiles. Cuba maintains an armed civilian reserves that includes some 1.3 million work forces and adult females. Cuban forces served in several African states during the 1970s and 1980s. History Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Cuba on October 28, 1492, during his initial westbound ocean trip. In award of the girl of Ferdinand V and Isabella I of Spain, his helpers, Columbus named it Juana, the first of several names he in turn applied to the island. It finally became known as Cuba, from its Aboriginal name, Cubanascnan. Colonization by Spain When Columbus foremost landed on Cuba it was inhabited by the Ciboney, a friendly folk related to the Arawak. Colonization of the island began in 1511, when the Spanish soldier Diego Velazquez established the town of Baracoa. Velazquez later founded several other colonies, including Santiago de Cuba in 1514 and Havana in 1515. The Spanish transformed Cuba into a supply base for their expeditions to Mexico and Florida. As a consequence of barbarian intervention and development, the natives became, by the center of the sixteenth century, about nonextant, coercing the settlers to depend on imported black slaves for the operation of the mines and plantations. Despite frequent foraies by pirates and naval units of rival and enemy powers, the island prospered throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Restrictions imposed by the Spanish governments on commercial activities were by and large disregarded by the settlers, who resorted to illicit trade with privateers and neighbouring settlements. Following the decision of the Seven Years # 8217 ; War in 1763, during which the English captured Havana, the Spanish authorities liberalized its Cuban policy, promoting colonisation, enlargement of commercialism, and development of agribusiness. Between 1774 and 1817 the population increased from about 161,000 to more than 550,000. The staying limitations on trade were officially eliminated in 1818, farther advancing stuff and cultural promotion. During the 1830s, nevertheless, Spanish regulation became progressively inhibitory, arousing a widespread motion among the settlers for independency. This motion attained peculiar impulse between 1834 and 1838, during the despotic governorship of the captain general Miguel de Tacon. Revolts and confederacies against the Spanish government dominated Cuban political life throughout the balance of the century. In 1844 an rebellion of black slaves was viciously suppressed. A motion during the old ages 1848 to 1851 for appropriation of the island to the United States ended with the gaining control and executing of its leader, the Spanish-American general Narciso Lopez. Offers by the U.S. authorities to buy the island were repeatedly rejected by Spain. In 1868 revolutionists under the leading of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes proclaimed Cuban independency. The resulting Ten Years # 8217 ; War, a dearly-won battle to both Spain and Cuba, was terminated in 1878 by a armistice allowing many of im port grants to the Cubans. In 1886 bondage was abolished. Importing of inexpensive labour from China was ended by 1871. In 1893 the equal civil position of inkinesss and Whites was proclaimed. Independence Although certain reforms were inaugurated after the successful rebellion, the Spanish authorities continued to suppress the public. On February 23, 1895, mounting discontent culminated in a recommencement of the Cuban revolution, under the leading of the author and nationalist Jose Marti and General Maximo Gomez y Baez. The U.S. authorities intervened on behalf of the revolutionaries in April 1898, precipitating the Spanish-American War. Intervention was spurred by the sinking of the battlewagon Maine in the seaport of Havana of February 15, 1898, for which Spain was blamed. By the footings of the pact signed December 10, 1898, ending the struggle, Spain relinquished sovereignty over Cuba. An American military authorities ruled the island until May 20, 1902, when the Cuban democracy was officially instituted, under the presidential term of the former postmaster general Tomas Estrada Palma. The Cuban fundamental law, adopted in 1901, incorporated the commissariats of the Platt Amendme nt, U.S. statute law that established conditions for American intercession in Cuba. Certain betterments, notably the obliteration of xanthous febrility, had been accomplished in Cuba during the U.S. business. Simultaneously, U.S. corporate involvements invested to a great extent in the Cuban economic system, geting control of many of its resources, particularly the sugar-growing industry. Popular dissatisfaction with this province of personal businesss was aggravated by repeating cases of fraud and corruptness in Cuban political relations. The first of several serious rebellions against conservative control of the democracy occurred in August 1906. In the following month the U.S. authorities dispatched military personnels to the island, which remained under U.S. control until 1909. Another uprising took topographic point in 1912 in Oriente Province, ensuing once more in U.S. intercession. With the election of Mario Garcia Menocal to the presidential term subsequently in the same twelvemonth, the Conservative party returned to power. On April 7, 1917, Cuba entered Wo rld War I on the side of the Allies. The Batista Regime In March 1952 former president Batista, supported by the ground forces, seized power. Batista suspended the fundamental law, dissolved the Congress, and instituted a probationary authorities, assuring elections the undermentioned twelvemonth. After oppressing an rebellion in Oriente Province led by a immature attorney named Fidel Castro on July 26, 1953, the government seemed secure, and when the political state of affairs had been calmed, the Batista authorities announced that elections would be held in the autumn of 1954. Batista # 8217 ; s opposition, Grau San Martin, withdrew from the run merely before the election, bear downing that his protagonists had been terrorized. Batista was therefore reelected without resistance, and on his startup February 24, 1955, he restored constitutional regulation and granted amnesty to political captives, including Castro. The latter chose expatriate in the United States and subsequently in Mexico. In the mid-1950s the Batista authorities instituted an economic development plan that, together with a stabilisation of the universe sugar monetary value, improved the economic and political mentality in Cuba. On December 2, 1956, nevertheless, Castro, with some 80 insurrectionists, invaded. The force was crushed by the ground forces, but Castro escaped into the mountains, where he organized the 26th of July Movement, so called to mark the 1953 rebellion. For the following twelvemonth Castro # 8217 ; s forces, utilizing guerilla tactics, opposed the Batista authorities and won considerable popular support. On March 17, 1958, Castro called for a general rebellion. His forces made steady additions through the balance of the twelvemonth, and on January 1, 1959, Batista resigned and fled the state. A probationary authorities was established. Castro, although he ab initio renounced office, became prime in mid-February. In the early hebdomads of the government military courts tried many f ormer Batista associates, and some 550 were executed. Cuba Under Castro The Castro government shortly exhibited a left-of-center inclination that worried U.S. involvement in the island. The agricultural reform Torahs promulgated in its first old ages chiefly affected U.S. sugar involvements ; the operation of plantations by companies controlled by non-Cuban shareholders was prohibited, and the Castro government ab initio de-emphasized sugar production in favour of nutrient harvests. When the Castro authorities expropriated an estimated $ 1 billion in U.S.-owned belongingss in 1960, Washington responded by enforcing a trade trade stoppage. A complete interruption in diplomatic dealingss occurred in January 1961, and on April 17 of that twelvemonth U.S.-supported and -trained anti-Castro expatriates landed an invasion force in the Bay of Pigs in southern Cuba. Ninety of the encroachers were killed, and some 1200 were captured ( see Bay of Pigs Invasion ) . The prisoners were ransomed, with the silent assistance of the U.S. authorities, in 1962, at a cost of approximately $ 53 million in nutrient and medical specialties. American-Cuban dealingss grew still more parlous in the autumn of 1962, when the United States discovered Soviet-supplied missile installings in Cuba. U.S. President John F. Kennedy so announced a naval encirclement of the island to forestall farther Soviet cargos of weaponries from making it. After several yearss of dialogues during which atomic war was feared by many to be a possibility, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev agreed, on October 28, to level and take the arms, and this was later accomplished. For the remainder of the 1960s U.S.-Cuban dealingss remained hostile, although, through the cooperation of the Swiss embassy in Cuba, the U.S. and Cuban authoritiess in 1965 agreed to allow Cuban subjects who desired to go forth the island to emigrate to the United States. More than 260,000 people left before the airlift was officially terminated in April 1973. Despite several attempts by Cuba in the United Nations to throw out the United States from its naval base at Guantanamo Bay, leased in 1903, the base continues to be garrisoned by U.S. Marines. In 1980, when Castro temporarily lifted issue limitations, some 125,000 refugees fled to the United States before the escape was once more halted. The U.S. authorities accused Cuba of helping left-of-center Rebels in El Salvador ; another sore point in U.S.-Cuban dealingss was the assistance given by Cuban advisors to the Sandinista authorities in Nicaragua. Several hundred Cuban building workers and military forces were forced to go forth Grenada as a consequence of the U.S.-led invasion of that island in October 1983. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev visited Havana in April 1989, when the USSR and Cuba signed a 25-year friendly relationship pact, but Castro explicitly rejected the pertinence of Soviet-style political and economic reforms to his state. In July four ground forces officers were executed and 10 others sentenced to prison for smuggling and drug trafficking, in the worst dirt since Castro came to power. With the prostration of the USSR in the early 1990s, Soviet-blockade and trade subsidies to Cuba were ended, and Soviet military forces were bit by bit withdrawn. After the United States tightened its countenances against trade with Cuba, the UN General Assembly in November 1992 approved a declaration naming for an terminal to the U.S. trade stoppage. By 1993, all of the Soviet troops sent to Cuba during the Cuban missile crisis had been withdrawn. Cuba # 8217 ; s sugarcane production dropped to a 30-year depression in 1993 and worsened in 1994, precipitating an economic exigency. As the effects of this hapless output filtered down through the population, greater Numberss of Cubans attempted to fly the state for economic grounds. One such group hijacked a ferry and and attempted to get away, merely to be challenged and sunk by the Cuban Coast Guard. The sinking sparked violent anti-government presentations to which Castro responded by taking issue limitations from those who wished t o go forth for the United States. Already confronting an inflow of refugees from Haiti, the United States countered by stoping automatic refuge to flying Cubans because the United States considered that they were flying economic instead than political conditions. More than 30,000 people were picked up at sea by the U.S. Coast Guard and taken to the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base or to refugee cantonments in Panama. The crisis came to an terminal when the United States agreed to publish 20,000 entry visas each twelvemonth to Cubans wishing to come in the state.

Semantic Information Extraction From Data Bits to Knowledge Bytes

Semantic Information Extraction: From Data Bits to Knowledge Bytes Semantic information extraction is a boring name for a fascinating task: pulling out meaningful data from textual sources.Semantic Information Extraction and the New Digital DisorderIn his book â€Å"Everything is Miscellaneous – the power of the new social order†, David Weinberger writes:When you have ten, twenty, or thirty thousand photos on your computer, storing a photo of Aunt Sally labeled â€Å"DSC00165.jpg† is functionally the same as throwing it out, because you’ll never find it again.Cit. Everything is Miscellaneous – the power of the new social order, p. 13Now, take this understanding and extrapolate it on a corporate plane, where every day thousands of emails, customer service records, presentations, logs of calls, supplier lists, employee records and a myriad of other texts and text chunks flow around the business unutilized.Functionally, they all end up where Aunt Sally’s photo does: in the trash. Or at least filling someoneâ₠¬â„¢s computer, deemed to oblivion.The way out of this oblivion is semantic information extraction a brave new trail to blaze, where textual sources are utilized properly and they fuel data-driven visions, conclusions and discoveries.With semantic information extraction, text chunks become data bits, data bits become semantic metadata and semantic metadata become knowledge bytes data pieces, ready to be leveraged for insights, decisions and actions. From Text Chunks to Data Bits: Traditional Information ExtractionTraditional information extraction turns text chunks into data bits, which involves finding and classifying pre-specified names in texts in order to extract and gather clear, factual information. Typically, information extraction is applied to free-flowing textual sources, such as legal acts, medical records, social media interactions and streams, online news, government documents, corporate reports. By translating these into structured, machine-readable data, information extraction enables content classification, integrated search, content management and delivery.As useful and valuable as this process is for many tasks that benefit from automation such as gathering structured information from multiple sources, media monitoring, drug discovery, scientific research and more, information extraction can be even more powerful.Integrating semantic technologies in the traditional information extraction process tames the powers of the content hurricanes our digital world exposes us to and uses their force to create knowledge.The Road Less Travelled: From Data Bits to Knowledge Bytes For data bits to become knowledge bytes, semantic information extraction comes into play. Click To TweetTo the traditional information extraction, where texts are transformed into data pieces, it adds another layer of richness in the representation of texts as data, turning them into semantic metadata, that is, into knowledge bytes. Semantic information extraction, also referred to as semantic annotation or semantic enrichment, makes the shift to the next level by including semantics to the information extraction process. Thus textual sources are not only converted into machine-processable facts, but further enriched with machine-readable links, references and relationships.With semantic information extraction, capturing and making sense of all sorts of data is much more effective than other alternative approaches. It is not a silver bullet for enterprise knowledge management, but is still a powerful tool for connecting, integrating and analyzing where data bits become knowledge bytes. Linked Data For Lean Enterprise Data Management from OntotextFrom Knowledge Bytes to EverywhereSemantic Information Extraction revolutionizes the way we think about textual sources. It helps seeing texts, scattered across the web and corporate intranets every document, every business record, every email as an asset.Put toget her, these small pieces of information from a disparate range of textual sources add up to a 360-degree view of an organization, of its content and its context. This opens up many opportunities for interactive representation and use of content, as well as for a super efficient search that enables accomplishing certain tasks in minutes.To mention just a few applications for which semantic information extraction lays the foundation:integrated search across all sorts of textual data;automatic relationship discovery;content recommendation;discovery of references to concepts and entities;integration of disparate and seemingly unrelated sources.Turning texts into data bits allows algorithms to enter the processes of risk management, fraud detection, retrieving of facts and statistics, investigating connections, keeping up with compliance standards, tracking consumer behavior and much more.The moment textual sources are translated into the language of semantic metadata and further structur ed into a Knowledge Graph, the overwhelming digital mazes of content suddenly transforms into a well-structured organized space with integrated data pieces, ready to become understanding, actionable information and ultimately knowledge.Want to learn transform text-associated hurdles into content-related opportunities?

Free Essays on In Praise Of Censure

The Power of Censure In the essay, â€Å"In Praise of Censure,† Garry Wills, the Henry r. Luce Professor of American Culture and Public Policy at Northwestern University, defines censure, as oppose to censorship. Wills also strives to persuade the reader that censure, the open expression of moral disapproval, can strongly and effectively hold certain ideas up for critical analysis without suppressing them or hindering the rights protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, as toleration or censorship does. Wills supports this claim with the use of factual evidence, authorative testimony, and rhetorical questions. Wills uses factual evidence to back his declarations. In the first paragraph of his essay, Wills strives to introduce examples of censorship against censure to the reader. He does this with accounts of several different instances in which censure has been used. He speaks of feminists joining â€Å"reactionaries to denounce pornography.† He narrates of how the rock musician Frank Zappa accused Tipper Gore, the wife of Al Gore, of launching an â€Å"conspiracy to exhort† when she asked that sexually explicit materials be labeled with warnings and of how Penthouse magazine charges Terry Rakolta, a house wife who withdrew her support from the sitcom, â€Å"Married†¦With Children,† with â€Å" yelling fire in a crowded theater.† Further along in â€Å"In Praise of Censure,† Wills makes an assertion concerning the First Amendment, â€Å"Belief in the First Amendment does not pre-empt other beliefs, making one eunuch to the interplay of opinions. It is a distortion to turn ‘You can express any views’ into the proposition ‘I don’t care what views you express.’ If liberals keep equating equality with approval, they will be repeatedly forced into weak positions.† To verify his contention, Wills goes to the situation in which an art gallery had cancelled an exhibit of the photographer, Robert Maplethorpe, because th... Free Essays on In Praise Of Censure Free Essays on In Praise Of Censure The Power of Censure In the essay, â€Å"In Praise of Censure,† Garry Wills, the Henry r. Luce Professor of American Culture and Public Policy at Northwestern University, defines censure, as oppose to censorship. Wills also strives to persuade the reader that censure, the open expression of moral disapproval, can strongly and effectively hold certain ideas up for critical analysis without suppressing them or hindering the rights protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, as toleration or censorship does. Wills supports this claim with the use of factual evidence, authorative testimony, and rhetorical questions. Wills uses factual evidence to back his declarations. In the first paragraph of his essay, Wills strives to introduce examples of censorship against censure to the reader. He does this with accounts of several different instances in which censure has been used. He speaks of feminists joining â€Å"reactionaries to denounce pornography.† He narrates of how the rock musician Frank Zappa accused Tipper Gore, the wife of Al Gore, of launching an â€Å"conspiracy to exhort† when she asked that sexually explicit materials be labeled with warnings and of how Penthouse magazine charges Terry Rakolta, a house wife who withdrew her support from the sitcom, â€Å"Married†¦With Children,† with â€Å" yelling fire in a crowded theater.† Further along in â€Å"In Praise of Censure,† Wills makes an assertion concerning the First Amendment, â€Å"Belief in the First Amendment does not pre-empt other beliefs, making one eunuch to the interplay of opinions. It is a distortion to turn ‘You can express any views’ into the proposition ‘I don’t care what views you express.’ If liberals keep equating equality with approval, they will be repeatedly forced into weak positions.† To verify his contention, Wills goes to the situation in which an art gallery had cancelled an exhibit of the photographer, Robert Maplethorpe, because th...

The History of the Game of Bingo

The History of the Game of Bingo Bingo is a popular game that can be played for cash and prizes.  Bingo games are won when the player matches numbers on their card with ones randomly drawn by a caller. The first person to complete a pattern yells, Bingo. Their numbers are checked and a prize or cash awarded. The patterns can be varied throughout a gaming session, which keeps players interested and engaged. Bingos Ancestors The games history can be traced back to 1530, to an Italian lottery called Lo Giuoco del Lotto DItalia, which is still played every Saturday in Italy. From Italy, the game was introduced to France in the late 1770s, where it was called Le Lotto, a game played among wealthy Frenchmen. The Germans also played a version of the game in the 1800s, but they used it as a childs game to help students learn math, spelling, and history.​ In the U.S., bingo was originally called beano. It was a country fair game where a dealer would select numbered discs from a cigar box and players would mark their cards with beans. They yelled beano if they won. Edwin S. Lowe and the Bingo Card When the game reached North America in 1929, it became known as beano. It was first played at a carnival near Atlanta, Georgia. New York toy salesman Edwin S. Lowe renamed it bingo after he overheard someone accidentally yell bingo instead of beano. He hired a Columbia University math professor, Carl Leffler, to help him increase the number of combinations in bingo cards. By 1930, Leffler had invented 6,000 different bingo cards. They were developed so there would be fewer non-repeating number groups and conflicts when more than one person got Bingo at the same time. Lowe was a Jewish immigrant from Poland. Not only did his E.S. Lowe company produce bingo cards, but he also developed and marketed the game Yahtzee, for which he bought the rights from a couple who played it on their yacht. His company was sold to Milton Bradley in 1973 for $26 million. Lowe died in 1986. Church Bingo A Catholic priest from Pennsylvania approached Lowe about using bingo as a means of raising church funds. When bingo started being played in churches it became increasingly popular. By 1934, an estimated 10,000 bingo games were played weekly. While gambling is banned in many states, they may allow bingo games to be hosted by churches and non-profit groups to raise funds. Casino Bingo Bingo has been one of the games offered at many casinos, both in Nevada and those operated by Native American tribes. E.S. Lowe built a casino hotel on the Las Vegas Strip, the Tallyho Inn. Today, more than $90 million dollars are spent on bingo each week in North America alone. Bingo in Retirement and Nursing Homes Bingo is a popular game played for recreational therapy and socialization in skilled nursing facilities and retirement homes. It is easy to operate with just a couple of staff or volunteers, and residents can play along with their visitors. The opportunity to win a small prize is a lure. Its popularity may wane once the elderly population who enjoyed church bingo in their youth pass on to new generations raised on video games.

The Big Data Challenges Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Big Data Challenges - Case Study Example Additionally, Volvo also required a system that could deliver timely reports that are easier to recognize with the intention that Volvo managers and analysts could put together more effective and influential business scenarios for their proposals. In order to deal with these challenges Volvo Car Corporation decided to acquire and implement a Microsoft based data management solution. The basic purpose of implementing this solution was to make simpler its IT infrastructure, offer graphical self-service reporting functionalities, and enhance cooperation among other business employees (Microsoft Corporation, 2012; Business Cloud, 2010). This solution is based on Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Business Intelligence data management software and a wide variety of other BI tools and technologies such as Microsoft Office 2010 and Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010. The company decided to implement this cloud based solution for the reason that cloud computing offers a number of advantages. In fact, t he implementation of a cloud computing based infrastructure will allow business employees to get access to and make use of IT services that are very useful to them that they would otherwise have to develop and implement themselves. The implementation of cloud based infrastructure will also allow firm to go global for the reason that any of their existing or newly opened offices wherever in the globe can straight away take advantage of their IT environment and can make use of their latest services. In this scenario, they would not have to wait for the company’s endeavors for developing and implementing IT environment or to pipe it into their network; on the other hand they can start making use of it immediately. The implementation of cloud computing environment allows the business organizations to continue to be improved in due course, in this scenario, Volvo Car Corporation is expecting to a greater extent coming their way, and they can just take benefit of these opportunitie s (Microsoft Corporation, 2012; Business Cloud, 2010). One of the biggest reasons for deciding to choose products from Microsoft Corporation is that Microsoft products provide an excellent support for working in cooperation and collaboration. Additionally, Volvo Car Corporation is also going to implement the latest Power View feature in SQL Server 2012 Reporting Services. Basically, this is a self-service reporting tool that facilitates the users of data to deeply study and investigate their data themselves and get answers of informal queries without much effort. In addition, this tool provides the users with drag-and-drop graphical data displays and data-querying which are equally helpful for both skilled as well as nontechnical users. It is expected that this cloud based infrastructure will bring about an uncomplicated IT infrastructure as well as enhanced business efficiency that will help Volvo Car Corporation to run their business more competently as well as make it simple for business workers to work together. As the implementation of a cloud based infrastructure will improve communication and coordination between business workers by merging a wide variety of features such as data, reporting and business intelligence tools in a single online platform, which allows business employees to simply produce, share, save, update and deliver their work (Microsoft Corpor

Effects of Deforestation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effects of Deforestation - Essay Example Deforestation changes the geomorphologic, hydrological, and biochemical states of streams by decreasing vapor-transpiration on the land surface, hence river discharge and run-off. This leads to the elimination of huge percentage of earth’s native vegetation that significantly alters the hydrological and morphological characteristics of watershed areas. The discharge has increased over the years and computer simulations suggest that about two-thirds of the increase are due to deforestation (Coe et al. 119).Extensive destruction of vegetation in most cases leads to increased conflict between people and forest animals. This occurs when people plant crops near the habitats of these forest animals. The animals will destroy the crops or injure humans, who in turn attack and killing them. In addition, there is people-to-people conflict whereby settlers invade deforested lands bringing their culture and influences thus changing lives of the indigenous forest people. Deforestation has a negative effect on the ecosystem and the atmosphere (Spilsbury 26). It is evident that deforestation does not benefit anyone and has long-term effects. Clearing of forests may be due to social, economic or political reasons. Whatever the short-term benefits, the result is devastating. The effects of deforestation are quite evident globally irrespective of concerned authorities coming up appropriate conservation methods meant to curb deforestation through humanity’s ignorance proves to be a big hindrance.

Venice region Essay Example for Free

Venice region Essay An American archeologist who studies the history of Venice suggested a multi-billion dollar floodgate to be built to save the city from rising waters knowing that science often rest on chance discovery. A 10 feet deep and more than 30 feet wide pit has been dug next to an ancient Basilica. It was below sea level and to keep it from filling with water, a pump was put in it. In that dug, a stone walk dated around second century lay. It is one of the oldest sign of human habitation in the Vatican archipelago. The lost world artifacts would let Dr. Ammerman and his colleagues to estimate the past of the city. It is also important in determining the rate of past and future subsidence of the city. With their findings, it is planned to propose a floodgate that will keep the city from disappearing into the sea. The structures will cost from $2 billion to $4 billion composing of 79 mobile floodgates. Everyday, the tide goes up to 3 feet. The tide on 1966 caused wide damage and economic losses. Tidal surges that are driven by heavy rains, winter weather patterns and southerly winds that blow Adriatic water northward caused the said destruction. Corrosive sea salt weakens the red bricks of the ground floor of the many old buildings. Some doors are rotten because of past flooding. Raised walkways are set in winter floods and some tour books suggest a high boots. On the other hand, many are the cause of Venice’s subsidence; local industries pumping of water from beneath the Venice region, the oxidation of peat that forms as part of the substrate, the compaction of spongy sediments caused by the weight of buildings. From time to time the rates of subsidence become bigger. This is due to the rate of growing population; in what way? Population is growing not linearly but in a parabolic manner, in that case the rate of weight the underlying soil is carrying is also increasing and so with the rate of water needs. Weathering also contributes to the sinking of the city. Rocks beneath are exposed to chemical weathering due to the chemicals that human thrown. Mechanical weathering on the other hand plays smaller role than chemical weathering. Also, the melting of the ice due to global warming causes the sea level to raise thus making Venice sink. Many plans are proposed on the case of Venice. What I can suggest to prevent the city from sinking is to nourish the city with a harder material that will serve as a foundation at the bottom. Also floodgates will help, and, the population, quantity of tourist, and the building construction should be controlled and above all control the cause of global warming. In this way the city’s beauty will be preserved.

jane eyre :: essays research papers

When General Rochambeau met General Washington in 1781 to determine their next move against the British, Washington wanted to attack New York City. Rochambeau convinced him that the wiser move was to move South. Word had come from General Lafayette in Virginia that Cornwallis had taken up a defensive position at Yorktown. Cornwallis was situated next to the York River. If they could surround the city by land and cut off Cornwallis' escape route on the river, Washington and Rochambeau would strike an enormous blow to the British forces. Planning for the elaborate campaign began immediately. French Admiral de Grasse, stationed in the West Indies, would sail with his fleet to the Chesapeake Bay and secure the mouth of the York River. Meanwhile, Washington and Rochambeau would march south to Yorktown and form a semicircle around the city. The plan was simple in concept, but it would take great military skill to execute. First, Washington and Rochambeau started to march towards New York City. They stationed approximately 2500 men at the American forts near the city to fool the British into believing that Washington's entire force was still there. Then the combined Franco-American army raced south to Virginia. As they marched south, Admiral de Grasse's fleet arrived at the Chesapeake Bay. They defeated the British fleet of Admiral Thomas Graves and won control of the entire bay. More importantly, this meant that they controlled the mouth of the York River and could prevent both Cornwallis' escape and any British communication with Cornwallis. On September 28, 1781, Washington and Rochambeau, along with Lafayette's troops and 3,000 of de Grasse's men, arrived at Yorktown. In all, there were approximately 17,000 men converging on Cornwallis' camp. The stage was set for the final showdown in America's fight for independence. The combined forces approached Yorktown from the South. The French, under Rochambeau, formed the left flank of the attack, while the American troops, under Washington and Lafayette, approached from the right. The city was soon surrounded and under heavy fire. On October 14, the Franco-American forces captured 2 major British redoubts. Cornwallis' options were running out. He even tried sending blacks infected with smallpox over enemy lines in an attempt to infect the American and French troops. After a futile counterattack, Cornwallis offered to surrender on October 17. On the 19th of October, the papers were signed and he officially surrendered. jane eyre :: essays research papers When General Rochambeau met General Washington in 1781 to determine their next move against the British, Washington wanted to attack New York City. Rochambeau convinced him that the wiser move was to move South. Word had come from General Lafayette in Virginia that Cornwallis had taken up a defensive position at Yorktown. Cornwallis was situated next to the York River. If they could surround the city by land and cut off Cornwallis' escape route on the river, Washington and Rochambeau would strike an enormous blow to the British forces. Planning for the elaborate campaign began immediately. French Admiral de Grasse, stationed in the West Indies, would sail with his fleet to the Chesapeake Bay and secure the mouth of the York River. Meanwhile, Washington and Rochambeau would march south to Yorktown and form a semicircle around the city. The plan was simple in concept, but it would take great military skill to execute. First, Washington and Rochambeau started to march towards New York City. They stationed approximately 2500 men at the American forts near the city to fool the British into believing that Washington's entire force was still there. Then the combined Franco-American army raced south to Virginia. As they marched south, Admiral de Grasse's fleet arrived at the Chesapeake Bay. They defeated the British fleet of Admiral Thomas Graves and won control of the entire bay. More importantly, this meant that they controlled the mouth of the York River and could prevent both Cornwallis' escape and any British communication with Cornwallis. On September 28, 1781, Washington and Rochambeau, along with Lafayette's troops and 3,000 of de Grasse's men, arrived at Yorktown. In all, there were approximately 17,000 men converging on Cornwallis' camp. The stage was set for the final showdown in America's fight for independence. The combined forces approached Yorktown from the South. The French, under Rochambeau, formed the left flank of the attack, while the American troops, under Washington and Lafayette, approached from the right. The city was soon surrounded and under heavy fire. On October 14, the Franco-American forces captured 2 major British redoubts. Cornwallis' options were running out. He even tried sending blacks infected with smallpox over enemy lines in an attempt to infect the American and French troops. After a futile counterattack, Cornwallis offered to surrender on October 17. On the 19th of October, the papers were signed and he officially surrendered.

Adolescence Is the Unhappiest Time in Most People?S Lives

Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people? s lives Most people agrees that adolesece may be the hardest time in most people's life  . Just like every period of life, being adolescent can be a pretty rough time. Some people says it is the unhappiestime, while other says it is the most happiest time in our life. but not everyone agrees that is the unhappiest time. So is the adolecense the unhappiest time in most people's lives? , I'm going to talk about the arguments for and against this statement and give my own opinion.It is true that adolesence is a very hard age, may be the hardest. Firstly because, is the time in wich the person is growing up, and has to get used to have more responsabilities. Also, there are some people that think this is because the adolecent are more sensitive than older or younger people and this is a reazon why to get upset for very silly razons. And, finally, some people thinks this is because, the adolecents aren't as free as they wished to be, an d this make them want to pass this part of their lives quicker.However, there are some people that desagree with this statement, and one of the mainly arguments is that is a very happy time for people because they don't have to worry about the resoult of their actions because they don't have as many responsabilities as they will have later when they get older. Another argument against this is that they, normaly, have more free time, and less stress. a time when they begin to discover who they are, they are becoming more independent, they are establishing friendships, and their bodies start developing. For many, entering into puberty can be a very emotional, stressful, confusing, and frightening time.Some make the change from childhood into adolescence with only a few minor problems, others however, may have a more difficult time handling the pressures and some may develop eating disorders as a way to cope. Some may enter into puberty early and be subjected to teasing by their peers. Many fear the weight that is gained during this time is permanent, will panic, and desperately try to take the weight off. They are not aware that once the physical changes during this time cease, their weight will usually stable off and go to their bodies natural set point, without the need for dieting. Adolescence Is the Unhappiest Time in Most People’s Lives Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people’s lives. It seems to me adolescence is a very important period for everyone as it forms their views on life. When you are young, parents bring up and teach you, you learn something by your own and become some life experience. Then you go to school where you get basic knowledge, find new friends, communicate and share your opinions with them. This time could be divided into three periods: person’s childhood, school time and the last is an university or college time. Each of them is extremely important as it influences on the further life of an individual.Some people state that adolescence is the unhappiest time for most people. It brings many accidents, bad experiences and, as a result, person can go, for example, in a crime world or drug addiction. These facts are followed after the bad upbringing and some problem families. That’s why these people state thar the adolescence is a very important time for a person an d during this time person is touchy so they(person is thouchy so they(he or she, leave it open)) could have a bad experience and it would influence a lot to his future. However, others are assured that adolescence is the happiest time in everybody’s life.When you are young, you are not responsible for anything and you don’t have serious problems that should be solved. You don’t care about anything bad and enjoy spending your time with friends. Person goes to school where he gains some experience and finds new friends. They say, in most cases children have a good upbringing and only enjoy their life. It goes without saying, that the world of today is dangerous, however it mostly doesn’t influence on the person. If you ask me, I think adolescence is the most enjoyable time for everyone as it gives many opportunities for relaxation, education and entertainment.

Hum week vocabulary quiz

Dogma A system of doctrines offered by some religions. It is proclaimed and accepted as true specific answers to the religion it is being offered for. 9. Monotheistic Is not a believer in unseen reality but can be spiritual without labeling themselves a certain religion. 10. Transcendent The belief that a greater power exists outside the material universe. 11. Incarnations The living embodying the divine or spirit. 12. Soul The spiritual part of the body that exist separately form the physical body. 13. AtheismThe belief that there Is no god because no proof exist. 14. Agnosticism The belief that humans cannot be able to know the existence of a higher power. 15. Rituals The repeated actions by people or groups. Some religion rituals are dancing, singing, reciting prayers and sharing food to symbolize spirituality. 16. Symbols A borrowed image that represents some form of a spiritual experience. 17. Myths Symbolic stories that used for explanations for with in the universe. 18. Orthod ox Abiding to a particular form of religion by practicing established traditions. 19. Rotationally of charismaThe Institutionalizing of religion that can damage the Inspiration of religion. 20. Absolutists Believe In traditional forms of religions as being true and unchangeable. 21 . Charisma 22. Fundamentalism Emphasizes on what form one perceives as historical in religion. 23. Phenomenology Analyzing religion practices to better understand their purpose. 24. Liberal Take a flexible and unpredicted approach to interpreting religion traditions. 25. Mysticism To believe the truth despite human belief because it was perceived directly by experience. 26. Sacred The realm of extraordinary which lies the source of the universe and its value.

The Environment and Context of Leadership Essay Example

The Environment and Context of Leadership Essay Example The Environment and Context of Leadership Paper The Environment and Context of Leadership Paper According to Brickfield, (2011 ) the need to operate effectively and efficiently is vital to any organization, and is increasing exponentially as organizations evolve to meet the changing demands of the future. Over the past decade, increased recognition, acknowledgement and research has focused on the context of which leadership is developed for the 21st century, as it involves more than just developing individual leaders . This research paper will identify four major trends in the context of leadership. There will be a discussion of why these trends are significant as they pertain to the current business environment. There will also be a review of how these trends affect dervish, in addition to recommendations to approaches for leadership strategy. Globalization Significance and Leadership Influences A study conducted by Bernstein, (2009) concluded one of the most significant leadership trends is globalization, as companies every. Veer are modifying business plans to expand internationally. In todays environment, globalization is an ongoing process of interdependence and integration of economies, societies and culture. Terrible (2013) describes globalization as a multicultural, burgeoning hybrid Of cultures in a borderless world -? one Of sigh chaos and continuous change as if it (the world) were a single entity. As a result of such, companies have to transition from hierarchical, top down leadership models to inclusive, participatory leadership styles. Current business trends have the requirement for 21 SST century leadership to have a global perspective; one that embraces cultural differences and diversity, one that looks beyond immediate geography in an effort to resolve issues. When consideration is given to this concept, the reality of globalization may be characterized as a world that has become so interconnected, that the only ay to succeed is through competition with everyone, everywhere for everything. According to Maidenhead et al (2008), global organizations face complexity with respect to the dynamics of interdependence, ambiguity, flux and multiplicity. These forces drive an increased need for global leadership competencies that enable them to respond and lead effectively. Strategies for Global Leadership The demonstration of a unique set of leadership competencies is significant in fulfilling the role of a global leader. The potential competencies suggested by Terrible (2013) are duly noted but not inclusive: cultural wariness and sensitivity is reflected in the awareness of, sensitivity, understanding, adaptation, and the desire to learn Of different cultures. Providing the tools and knowledge to enhance global leadership ability is a strategy that should also be noted. The utilization of various approaches to determine what works best is an approach practitioners may use to encourage global leadership competency. Global leaders that take ownership and responsibility for learning and development are more likely to learn more than those who rely solely on organizational training and development (Terrible, (2013). This responsibility is typically represented through the identification of learning needs, goal setting and the adjustments to maximize learning potential. The final recommended global leadership strategy is a personal favorite: to integrate intuitive, ad hoc learning approaches and structured global leadership development strategies. Whereas much of the global leadership learning and development is from experience and business challenges, the combination of a leaders ability to intuitively learn through engagement and predisposition is also recommended. Technological Savvy An article posted in the Forbes business section (Forbes. M) last year predicted that the marriage of technology and social media will be likened to an appliance in organizations. This concept is easily understood: in recent years many organizations have downsized on-site IT opting for the Cloud. As more employees bring their own technological devices to work, the role of IT adjusts to strategic counselor versus a cost and procurement center. Moreover, a trend that has rapidly become an integral aspect of leadership effectiveness in todays current environment is tech nological sway (Berlin et al, 201 1). Technology facilitates communication regardless of physical/ geographical boundaries, making virtual leadership a reality that will only increase -? and whereas many good leadership principles remain unchanged regardless of the technology, technological advancement presents a new challenge for leadership. For example many leaders have a leadership skill set with heavy reliance on presence and personality, which do not translate well with electronic communication. Strategies for Leadership In the past, leadership were often able to rely on their leadership traits to give them the edge but todays environment calls for the need to improve communication skills using modern tools (leadership 501 . Mom). One strategy recommended is development of the ability to communicate well through written word, as those that do not may find themselves at a disadvantage. In preparation for the future leaders should make a conscience effort to develop strong writing skills; understand the difference forms of electronic communication and; understand the culture of different forms of electronic communication. It is additionally important for leadership to understand how the intelligent use of how new technology can enhance business functions, and to be positive role models in leading the use of technology (Longing, 201 1). This concept is especially true in consideration that many young future leaders have been brought up with technology and view it as a part of their lives. A few years ago it was merely important just to understand new communication technology and the Internet. Now this is a pre-requisite for managing global teams and understanding consumer behavior and opinions. Today, technological sway has become a key competency for the global leader of the future. New and rapid technological advances insist that leaders need not be experts themselves, but must know enough to be able to recognize and evaluate the potential of any new technology. Multi-l_bevel dervish Development Significance and Influences Leadership during the past fifty years mostly focused on individual leadership but over the last decade this model has become less effective, transitioning to a more collective and collaborative model. Some research even suggests that the ability to lead effectively triples in importance to a leaders career success than other skills and knowledge (Boston. Com). The demands for growth and change to ensure organizations have the right global leadership talent in the right place, at the right time has become increasingly challenging. An approach to achieving this objective calls for defining a new global leader through developing strategies, systems and processes across organizations to build the global leadership pipeline (Mercer et al, 2009). Leadership development solutions thus need to evolve as a process instead of one time event. In order to maintain lasting and substantial benefits, leadership learning experiences must be applicable to real organizational issues; they must take place in small collaborative cohorts (Berlin et al, 201 1). This style of learning simulates how leaders work together in the workplace under both formal and informal situations. Berlin et al (2011) also posits effective leadership development insists on the provision of ongoing learning opportunities to learn from their work as opposed to taking them away from their work to learn. Strategies Recommended As the information revolution has changed the work environment, the ability to adapt is a key component that divides outstanding organizations from the rest. The recommendations for meeting this challenge may be accomplished through aligning core leadership competencies with new business needs. Washington (2013) recommends five leadership competencies: external awareness; talent management; self awareness; legation and; decision making. These competencies will challenge the leader on three levels: cognitive, emotional and behavioral. Current leadership trends calls for new forms of contextual awareness based on strong conceptual and strategic thinking abilities. A new form of intellectual openness and the ability to conceptualize in an unprecedented manner is needed. Leadership should increase sensitivity to diverse genders, generations and cultures, and have the ability to tolerate higher levels Of ambiguity. Businesses must ensure that all leaders are trained in the practices of creating a culture of trust, openness and cross generational elaboration in an effort to build and maintain a cross-functional task network. Leadership development systems encourage a number of leadership practices. Thinking like a leader, gaining results through others and engaging people are just a few of the most critical people-leadership competencies (Boston. Com). Through staying engaged, leadership may effectively leverage new trends, tactics and tools to gain the competitive edge. Organizations may successfully create a leadership brand through the creation of competency models that reflect the future strategy of the business. Berlin (2011) posits that a multi-level, innovative approach to dervish development continues to be one of the most important initiatives in our challenging business environment. Curriculum designs that implements coaching and mentoring; on the job/field assignments; action learning; simulation; assessments; virtual learning and; networking is the recommended strategy. This strategy relies on targeted solutions that hone leadership skills at every level to drive business results. Multi-Generational Leadership A leadership trend that cannot be ignored is the generational shift underway in todays workforce that some project will lead to a crisis, particularly in American businesses Monsoon, 2007). This workforce change is certain to create a shortage of experienced leaders at the precise time that large enterprises are becoming increasingly difficult to manage. These changes are due to basic demographics, structural changes in organizations and generational attitudes and behaviors. In like manner, this demographic trend is determined by the large numbers of workers now reaching retirement age leaving fewer workers to replace them. As the baby boomers generation retires, the next two generations will be leading, planning, organizing and controlling the workforce. According to the U. S. Census data, nearly 1 million Millennial enter the workforce each year and by the year 2020, forty percent (40%) of the U. S. Workforce will be comprised of Millennial. Moreover, Millennial are projected to have the competitive advantage because of their technological proficiencies, and those with graduate degrees are more likely to stay at their organizations than those without (Okapi et al, 2012). Strategies for Development Organizations that understand this demographic trend should take immediate steps to first retain their senior leaders; attract the next level of top level leadership and; cultivate a new generation of leaders. As Millennial enter and assume leadership roles in Organizations, it becomes more imperative for organizations to learn about their organizational commitment level and job satisfaction levels; accordingly this population demands accountability, transparency and change (Johnson, 2007). Those that fail to acknowledge and respond to these dynamics may find it increasingly difficult to compete in the global marketplace. Management in todays workforce has a significant role in the development of the next generation of leadership.

Complex Sentence Writing for ESL

Complex Sentence Writing for ESL Complex sentences refer to sentences that have more than one subject and one verb. Complex sentences are connected by conjunctions and other types of linking words. Other complex sentences are written with relative pronouns, as well as other sentences using more than one clause. This exercise starts off easy by using two simple sentences and using a conjunction to connect the two sentences to make one complex sentence. Combing simple sentences to make complex sentences is an important exercise to help you advance in your writing abilities. This writing exercise focuses on taking simple sentences and transforming them into complex sentences which are then combined into a paragraph. Simple Sentence to Complex Sentence Example: Tom is a boy. He is eight years old. He goes to school in Philadelphia. Complex Sentence: Tom is an eight-year old boy who goes to school in Philadelphia. Here are some simple rules to remember when combining simple sentences into complex sentences: Dont repeat wordsChange words if necessaryAdd words to connect ideas Complex Sentence Exercise Combine the following sentences into complex sentences. Remember that a number of answers may be correct. His name is Peter.Hes a famous professional athlete.Hes a baseball player.He has a large house in Miami.The house is beautiful.He often travels around the US.He plays away games in different cities in the US.He travels by airplane.He usually sleeps on the plane.He stays up late after games.He is an excellent pitcher.Fans love his abilities.Coaches love his abilities.Every week he plays a home game.The game is played in Glover Stadium.The game is usually sold out.Glover Stadium is old.Glover Stadium doesnt have enough seats for all the fans.The fans wait in line to buy tickets.The fans often pay more than $60 dollars for a ticket.The fans are unhappy about the ticket prices.The fans love Peter. Correct Examples Here are two possible paragraph answers to this exercise. Compare your answer with these examples. Remember that there is more than one possible correct answer for each sentence. Possible Paragraph 1:  Peter is a famous baseball player. He lives in a beautiful house in Miami. He often flies around the United States to play away games. Both fans and coaches love his excellent pitching abilities. Every week he plays home games in Glover Stadium which  is  usually sold out. Glover Stadium is an old stadium without enough seats for all the fans. Fans wait in line to buy the tickets which often cost more than $60. Even though the fans are unhappy about ticket prices, they love Peter. Possible Paragraph 2: Peter is a famous baseball player who lives in a beautiful house in Miami. He often flies to different cities around the United States to play away games. His excellent pitching is loved by both fans and coaches. Old Glover Stadium doesnt have enough seats for the fans who want to come to home games. Even though they are unhappy about ticket prices, the wait in line and pay more than $60 to see Peter play.

Managing the Environment (MEWK3 DQ1) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing the Environment (MEWK3 DQ1) - Essay Example In other words, the bank had successfully created a holistic marketing strategy and was able to follow through. As it is building "the world's local bank" brand, the bank is very vulnerable to making that brand work. Hence, it must focus on acquiring local knowledge in each area it operates in, and put that local knowledge to customizing the bank's marketing activities to the locality's preferences and characteristics. Another vulnerability is that competitor banks might leverage on their being 'local' in designing marketing activities and compete head on with the bank's "the world's local bank" strategy. This will surely questions the integrity of such campaign - say, hw can HSBC be that area's local bank wherein the competitor bank is truly local in every sense Going forward and aligned with the company's "the world's local bank" image, a more decentralized structure with regard its marketing department should be adopted. This way the branch is given the authority to design and implement its marketing plans.

Reducing Ambiguities in Customer Requirements Through Historical Dissertation

Reducing Ambiguities in Customer Requirements Through Historical Knowledge - Dissertation Example On the contrary, adverse scenarios develop and complex designs are continually expressed, marked by high levels of understandability, verifiability, traceability, and modifiability requirements which are not consistent with intricate situations. The intricate situations increase, creating a design reality for Requirements Engineering processes plagued with uncertainty, vacillation, and visualization. The purpose of this study is to present a more conventional philosophical system of thinking, which is ideally grounded on the value-based approach, and melted down to ideal elucidation process in the rigid scenarios. It will develop a discussion that supports no software engineering may supersede Requirement Engineering. A high degree of quality in Requirement Engineering is paramount to withstand harsh run time errors associated software engineering development. ... 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Proposed Conceptual Method; Cybulsky, J., and K. Reed. 2000. â€Å"Requirements Classification and Reuse: Crossing Domains Boundaries.† In 6th International Conference on Software Reuse, 190–210. Fig. 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Software and Qualitative Analysis; e-Source. (2013). Software and Qualitative Analysis: The Qualitative Research; Sorting and Coding. Office of Behavioral & Social Sciences Research Fig. 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Fig. 5†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ LIST OF TABLES Table 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Methodologies for Requirements Engineering Table 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Deductive Analysis Steps Table Table Table Table CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION History has shown that insufficient engineering requirements lead to insufficient engineering products and thus, security risks. Requirements Engineering (RE) consists of development and management and is one of the most important disciplines in the development of Software Engineering (SE) soft ware products. According to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK), software requirements can be defined as â€Å"a property which must be exhibited in order to solve some problem in the real world† (Committee 2004). One of the main practices in RE is the elicitation process of software requirements (see fig. 1). During the elicitation process, requirements are analyzed, specified, and verified (SPC, 2002). Software requirements specifications are derived from the requirements elicitation process (see fig. 1). For requirements to be of quality, they must be correct, complete, precise, consistent, verifiable, modifiable, and traceable (Toval et al. 2002). Successful and effective requirements engineering can improve risk management, quality, reusability, and productivity during the software development process. In this study, ambiguities in new customer

Compare Modern Martial Art Magazines with 1970s Editions Essay

Compare Modern Martial Art Magazines with 1970s Editions - Essay Example Either they have set up schools of varying origins and oriental teachers, or produced videos and books, as well as other commercial items such as garments, belts, certificates, among other paraphernalia associated with martial arts. Nevertheless, in this age of free market economy, everybody may claim to be what they want and claim to be, and as long as somebody is buying, then, they sell. This study, however, shall focus on martial arts magazines language use between the present and the 1970s with substantial inclusion regarding Bruce Lee and the pop culture. 2. Modern martial arts magazines have evolved in word usage as martial arts forms also evolved. Nevertheless, commonalities may include oriental terms of martial arts name of discipline or related school such as Bruce Lee's early Wing Chun, Jeet Kune Do and Jun Fan Gung Fu, karate, jui jitsu, among others. This study will try to present evolving terms and usage of martial arts words with regards to publications of modern martial arts magazines as compared to 1970s martial arts magazines, with particular focus on the following: This study is important to establish or present the changes or similarities between 1970s and modern martial arts magazines. ... Changes are necessary and unavoidable. Aim of the Study This study will try to present evolving terms and usage of martial arts words with regards to publications of modern martial arts magazines as compared to 1970s martial arts magazines, with particular focus on the following: Oriental and western terminologies that are in use in modern and 1970s martial arts magazines The meaning and use of each martial arts terminologies The changes, contrast or comparison of martial arts magazines seen through 1970s edition and modern martial arts magazine issues The influences or factors behind the popularity of martial arts as a form of discipline and as a popular media or magazine subject. The study or research will try to answer the following questions: 1. What are the constant oriental and western terminologies used in martial arts magazines present in 1970s edition as well as in modern martial arts magazines 2. What are the meanings of these martial arts oriental and western terminologies 3. What are the prevalent changes or contrasts that can be seen between 1970s and modern martial arts magazines 4. What are the factors or influences that affect popularity as well as wide acceptance of martial arts as a discipline and (media) magazine interest Relevance of the Study This study is important to establish or present the changes or similarities between 1970s and modern martial arts magazines. In establishing the changes, factors, influences, as well as other related matters, such as Bruce Lee's popularity shall also be presented and viewed to make martial arts understandable among those who practice or abhor, or perplexed by it. Methodology Secondary analysis shall be applied in this study since there already exist two points or

Distributed Systems Definitions

Distributed Systems Definitions Distributed Systems: There is always compromise when we use distributed systems. Being a distributed systems expertise means knowing the best compromise to make. There is no global clock. Distributed systems definition: A distributed systems is defined as a collection of independent computers that appears to its users as single coherent system. Software systems that operate on more than one computer Internet, Intranet. Mobile computing, Wireless and other modern technologies. Distributed Systems areas: Parallel computing Grid computing Cluster computing Distributed computing Motivation for distributed systems: Resources sharing Geographical and legacy reasons Flexibility Scalability Robustness Security System Design Distributed pervasive Systems Requirements for pervasive systems Wireless, small, battery powered Discover environment. Embrace contextual changes. Encourage ad hoc composition Recognize sharing as the default Personal space vs. shared space No central admin 1.Distributed Systems: A distributed systems is defined by collection of autonomous independent systems that shown to users as a single system via through network. The characteristics of distributed system are multiple autonomous components which are not all shared by the users. Resources cannot be shared to all the users. Software running on the system is concurrent on different processors. In which happened to be multiple point of control and multiple points of failure. Some common characteristics can be achieved using distributed systems resource sharing, openness, concurrency, scalability, fault tolerance, transparency. Types of distributed systems include distributed computing systems, distributed informative systems, distributed pervasive systems. 2.Transmission Control Protocol: Transmission Control Protocol totally depends on network connection to transfer data, TCP requires connection between client and server, It does like a three way handshake.   Host A sends a SYN to B, B sends a SYN and ACK and Host A sends a ACK to B then TCP connection is established. I used this as reference http://www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/internet/tcp/3-way_handshake.shtml. 3.User Datagram Protocol: User Datagram protocol is connectionless. It does not check if the packets are received are not and there is no guaranteed connection. There is chance in packet loss during transmission,   more unreliable way to send data.   The advantage is speed and cost free. UDP mostly used in online gaming which uses more interaction and respond quickly from player, video streaming like YouTube, twitch 4.Lamport Bakery Algorithm: Lesile Lamports bakery algorithm is designed for the safety purpose of using shared resources between multiple threads by mutual exclusion.   There will be a global counter that displays the number threads being served. The remaining threads have to wait in the line. When the thread completes its process the next thread being served. There are some limitations in the analogy. Its is possible that more than one thread have same number and when they request it. Request cannot be provided So to clear this limitation each thread is provided with a priority. The priority is based on the lower value or higher value then thread will enter the critical section. Critical section: The critical section requires immediate attention access to resources and only be executed one thread at a time.   When a thread enters a critical section, Its has to have its turn and must have smallest number because in case the other threads have the same number the smallest will be executed first. 5.Remote Procedure Call(RPC): Remote procedure call is based on the client and server model. The client machine sends the data to the server machine based on request from user its is a synchronous operation that requires suspend the current program until the RPC is returned. Its a light weight process so multiple RPC can be performed concurrently. RPC Is like a function call, the calling arguments are passed through to the remote procedure and the caller waits for the response from the remote procedure. The RPC is made between two networked systems. A thread can be blocked until either a request or reply is arrived or it will time out. When the request is received the server will send a dispatch routine that performs the requested services and sends the client a reply. 6. Internet Protocols: Internet protocols are used for computer communication and also used to identify a computers address. An IP address as a 32 bit number and this called as IPV4 the development of IPV6 is predicted that depletion of available addresses. So IPV6 uses 128 bits for a address. IPV4 example 172.16.254.1 (IPV4) and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 (IPv6). 7. Synchronization: Synchronization policy is not to go into deadlock condition. Consider multiple process tries to access resources which is in the distributed environment. The synchronization process is to handle all the requests from the process and assign them the resources based on the priority requested client and with pre-defined conditions synchronizing the clients with their request without going into deadlock condition. 8. Server: A server is a computer programs that runs in a computer or other computer and it provides other computer to connect through via network. A computer that usually runs server program are usually the server. If it run every time then it usually called the dedicated server. In client/server program the server program always waits and fulfills the client request. The few types of servers from other number of possibilities: Application Server: Its in the distributed networks that provide the business logic for an application program. Proxy Server: A proxy server is software that acts as a mediator between endpoint devices such as computer and a client and another server from which a user or client requesting a service. Virtual Server A virtual server is a program that usually runs on the shared server. The way it seems to each user that they have the complete control over the server. Policy Server: Policy server is a security component which has a policy based network that provides authorization services and facilitates tracking and control of files. 9. Client: A client is a computer that retrieves information from or users resources provided by the server or main computer. Web browsers are clients that connect to the web servers and retrieve web pages for display same as email clients and multiplayer video games. A client is a part of client-server architecture and client and servers are computer programs that may be run in the same computer and get connected to each other through Inter process communication (i[i) techniques through Internet sockets. There are different types of clients Fat client, Thin Client and Hybrid Client. Fat Client: A fat client is also said to be rich client which stores bulk number of data and does not rely on data processing operations itself. Thin Client: A thin client is a minimal sort of client. It requires resources from the host computer. It process data only provided by an application server. Hybrid Client: A hybrid client is combination of both fat and thin client. But relies on the server for storing the persistent data. Fat client supports (multimedia support, high performance) and thin client supports (high manageability, flexibility). 10. Bandwidth: Bandwidth is referred in bits, how many bits of data are transferred per second in a connection. Higher bandwidth often translates into high performance, although overall performance also depends on the other factors. Bandwidth can measured in units of bits per second(bps). 11. Synchronous and Asynchronous calls: A synchronous call can be defined by call opens a socket and waits for a response before closing the socket. Using synchronous calls server can waste resources, and can timeout. Such as running a server upgrade or downloading a big file. When using Asynchronous calls can be defined by, the client sends the request and then immediately a   response is sent to the specified callback server. A http 202 response is immediately returned from the HTTP connection that invoked the service. Asynchronous calls do not wait for a response to the close the socket. Once the service is complete, the response is sent to the specified callback server. 12. Gossip Protocol: A gossip protocol   is a method of communication now used in the modern days to spread message. This is epidemic protocol sometimes pronounced as gossip protocol where the gossips spread the information in a manner similar to virus spread. Most often distributed systems use gossip protocol to solve the mighty difficulty problems because the network might be huge, because gossip solutions are the easiest ones to spread the solutions. There are three prevailing types of Gossip protocols Dissemination Protocols: They basically work as a   flooding agents in the network. It produces the worst case loads: Event dissemination protocols: It uses high latency to report events. Gossips occurs periodically and the events dont trigger any gossip. Background data dissemination Protocols: Constantly gossip about the information associated with the participating nodes. Latency isnt a concern Anti-entropy protocols: Anti-entropy protocols are used to repair the replicate the data. By comparing the replicas and reconciling differences. Protocols that computes aggregates: These compute the network-wide aggregates by sampling the information at the nodes in the network and combing the values to arrive at a system-wide value- The largest value for some measurement nodes are making, the smallest etc. The key requirement is that the aggregate must be computable by fixed-size pair wise information exchanges; these typically terminate the after a number rounds of information exchange logarithmic in the system size. 13. Network Address Translation Network address Translation (NAT) is the virtualization of internet protocol addresses. NAT is a process of remapping the IP address space into one another by modifying the network information in internet protocol. The technique was originally used to improve security and decrease the number of IP addresses an organization needs. The more advanced implementations used in NAT are the Ip masquerading. Ip masquerading is also form of NAT which allows the internal computers with no known address outside their networks, to communicate to the outside. 14. Middleware: Middleware is defined as the software layer that is between the operating system and system applications and it can be found in both client and server machines.   When two computers are getting communicated the middle ware hides the information of both computers to one another. The middleware also acts as a bridge between the client and server.   The middleware allows the client and server to communicate with each other so that there arent any issues such as incompatible OS, programs. 15. DHCP: DHCP (Dynamic host configuration protocol) is a client/server protocol. There is a DHCP server that will dynamically distribute network configuration parameters. It assigns the IP address to the network dynamically. When a client connects to a network, the DHCP clients sends a broadcast request a information. DHCP manages a pool of IP addresses and information about the client such as default gateway, domain name, name servers. A DHCP server can assign a new address whenever it wants based on administrator assignment policies. DHCP server have three methods of allocating IP address: 1) Dynamic allocation 2) Automatic allocation 3) Manual Allocation 16.Inter-process communication: Inter process communication is interfaces that allow programmer to coordinate activates among different program processes that can run concurrently in a an operating system. This allows program to handle many user requests at the same time. The single request may lead to multiple process running on this situation process needs to communicate each other. So IPC interfaces will take care. 17.Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a wireless technology was designed in 1994 by Ericsson. Bluetooth uses UHF radio waves which covers a short distances of ISM band from 2.4 Ghz to 2.485 Ghz. It was the wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum. Data is getting divided into packets and transmits each packets to designated Bluetooth channels. The channels bandwidth is of 1MHz. A Bluetooth device can connect up to maximum of 7 devices. It switches rapidly from one to another using a round robin scheduling algorithm. 18.One time pad: One time pad is an encryption technique. In this technique the actual message is converted into binary form and data is padded with extra new random binary bits the logic is implemented along with it. When the process is done we should be having a new binary bits which is no longer similar to the original message or the padded bits. These bits are padded using XOR binary operator. The padding bits has to lengthy so decrypting will take a time. If its too short the padding can be easily decrypted. 19.Authorization: